Olympic Review 95

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OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE OLYMPIC MOVEMENTAPRIL-MAY-JUNE 2015 NUMBER 95OLYMPICBIDDING FOR SUCCESSAS THE IOC PREPARES TO UNVEIL THE HOST CITY FOR THE 2022 OLYMPIC WINTERGAMES, OLYMPIC REVIEW ANALYSES THE CHANGES TO THE BIDDING PROCESSFOLLOWING THE ADOPTION OF THE OLYMPIC AGENDA 2020 REFORMSWWW.OLYMPIC.ORG

07 FOREWORD By IOC President Thomas Bach.08 SNAPSHOT Eye-catching sporting images from the past quarter.12 NEWS The latest news and events from around the Olympic Movement.26 BEYOND THE RINGSIn our regular column, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees António Guterres looks at the contribution that sport can make to humanitarian action.28 WHAT’S TRENDING?The latest social media updates posted by Olympians all over the world on the IOC’s Olympic Athletes’ Hub.30 COVER STORY: BIDDING FOR SUCCESSOlympic Review considers the impact that the Olympic Agenda 2020 reforms will have on the bidding process and what they will mean for the Candidate Cities bidding to host the 2024 Olympic Games.34 2022 CANDIDATE CITIESWith the host city for the 2022 Olympic Winter Games due to be announced at the 128th IOC Session in Kuala Lumpur, Olympic Review presents bid extracts from the Candidate Cities of Almaty and Beijing.42 HIDDEN TREASURESSeven years after starting the Patrimonial Assets Management programme, the IOC has completed the preservation of its historical archives and safeguarded its legacy for future generations.60 ROAD TO RIOOlympic Review catches up with three more athletes hoping for glory in Rio in 2016 – mountain biker Jaroslav Kulhavý, diver Wu Minxia and triathlete Javier Gómez.66 OLYMPIC SOLIDARITYCorey Ollivierre and Eva Tercelj are both making big strides in their sports, thanks to the Olympic Solidarity programme.70 OLYMPIC FLASHBACKWe take a trip down memory lane to relive the 2000 Olympic Games in Sydney.74 MY GAMESCroatia’s record-breaking Alpine skier Janica Kostelic looks back at the three Olympic Winter Games in which she competed.78 OBITUARIESOlympians and figures from the Olympic Movement who have passed away.80 BOOK REVIEWSOur bookworms review the latest Olympic-related publications.82 THE PODIUMWhich athletes have collected the most Olympic medals without ever winning gold?CONTENTS OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE OLYMPIC MOVEMENTAPRIL-MAY-JUNE 2015 EXECUTIVE BOARDPresident Thomas BachVice-Presidents Nawal El Moutawakel, Craig Reedie, John Coates, Zaiqing YuMembers Gunilla Lindberg, Ching-Kuo Wu, René Fasel, Patrick Joseph Hickey, Claudia Bokel, Juan Antonio Samaranch Jr, Sergey Bubka, Willi Kaltschmitt Luján, Anita L. DeFrantz, Ugur Erdener OLYMPIC REVIEWCommunications DirectorMark AdamsEditor-in-Chief Katharine MannFrench Edition Blandine Potemsky Spanish Edition Dolores Blázquez Production Agency Touchline Production Michael Stoneman, Glyn Wilmshurst, John MurrayDesign John Paul Yetton, Liam Yeoh, Liz Rankin Image retouching Jason Dutch Translation Denis Echard, Claudia Conde, Laura Nadal, Ros Schwartz Proofreading Libero Language Lab ISSN: 0377-192XPrinted in the UKIMAGESCover Image Getty Images / Matthew Stockman Inside IOC; IOC/ Alexander Hassenstein; IOC/ Ian Jones; IOC/ Christophe Moratal; IOC/ Ubald Rutar; IOC/ Chris Graythen; IOC/ Christopher Furlong; IOC/ Alex Ferro; IOC/ John Huet; IOC/ Arnaud Meylan; IOC/ Jean-Louis Strangis; IOC/ Richard Juilliart; 1964 / Kishimoto/IOC; 1968 / Kishimoto/IOC; 2000 / Kishimoto/IOC; 2015 / Kishimoto/IOC; 2000 / Kishimoto/IOC; Almaty 2022 Bid Committee; Beijing 2022 Bid Committee; Getty Images; Corbis; AFP; ITTF; Marton Szymiczek; Lausanne Tourisme / www.diapo.ch CONTACTSPlease send your letters to: Olympic Review, IOC Strategic Communications Department, Château de Vidy, 1007 Lausanne, Switzerland website: www.olympic.org email: olympicreview@olympic.orgtel +41 (0)21 621 6111 fax +41 (0)21 621 6356 Olympic Review uses PEFC-certified paper stock sourced from sustainably managed forests.Olympic Review is published by the International Olympic Committee. The articles published in Olympic Review do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the International Olympic Committee. No articles may be reproduced without the permission of the IOC Strategic Communications Department.4 OLYMPIC REVIEW OLYMPIC REVIEW
PicturedJapan’s Yoshinori Sakai carrying the Olympic torch at the Tokyo 1964 Opening Ceremony is one of 500,000 photographs restored as part of the IOC Patrimonial Assets Management programme (p42)

FOREWORD BY THOMAS BACHPRESIDENT, INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEEThe reforms of Olympic Agenda 2020 began to take hold almost immediately after its unanimous approval by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) last December. The pace of change has been accelerating ever since.The improvements to the host city selection process for the 2022 Olympic Winter Games that are detailed in this edition of Olympic Review are just one example of the positive changes that have resulted from the IOC’s strategic roadmap for the future. In addition to its impact on the 2022 Games, Olympic Agenda 2020 is delivering benefits for all the upcoming Games, from the Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro in 2016 to the Olympic Games in 2024.The IOC’s more flexible and collaborative approach to Games preparations encouraged Tokyo 2020 to make changes that have already saved more than USD 1 billion. Tokyo 2020 will also be the first host city to have the opportunity to propose additional events for the Games under a process established in February.Another significant Games-related reform made its debut on 15 January, when the selection process for choosing the 2024 host got underway with the launch of the new Invitation Phase. The appeal of this change is evident in the number of cities that have taken advantage of the opportunity to learn more about how they could design Games to meet their local and regional needs.Games at all stages of development are benefiting from the reform that enhanced the role of International Federations in Games planning and preparation.Olympic Agenda 2020 recommendations to serve, honour and protect athletes are moving ahead on multiple fronts. The IOC designated a special fund of USD 20 million to protect clean athletes. Half of that amount, along with an additional USD 5.9 million pledged by 12 governments, will fund innovative research. The other USD 10 million from the IOC will fund a programme to prevent match-fixing and related corruption, for instance in cooperation with INTERPOL.In April, the IOC hosted the first International Forum for Sports Integrity, bringing together representatives from government, law enforcement, UN agencies, sports betting operators and Olympic Movement stakeholders. In conjunction with the meeting, the IOC launched its new Integrity and Compliance Hotline to receive reports of misconduct that threatens the integrity of sport. Also in April, the IOC announced plans for a new “IOC Athlete Learning Gateway”, a digital platform that will give athletes access to educational materials that will help them achieve career goals on and off the field of play.Plans for another important initiative, the Olympic Channel, are moving along at a good pace, with cooperation from TOP Partners, International Federations and other stakeholders throughout the Olympic Movement. The IOC established an organisational and management structure, and began the hiring process for key positions in March. The IOC has also acted swiftly on recommendations calling for more engagement with civil society and new ways to use sport as a tool for development and peace. The IOC has held discussions and made contact with several international NGOs, including the International Trade Union Confederation, Transparency International, Human Rights Watch and the Committee to Protect Journalists. Collaboration with the UN and UN agencies continues to expand.The IOC has been working with the UN to ensure that sport plays a prominent role in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, and has been working with UNESCO to stress the importance of including physical activity and sport in school curricula. Integrating the TOP Partners into “Olympism in Action” programmes was one of the main topics at an Olympic Agenda 2020 TOPs summit in January. Encouraging this type of collaboration on a broader scale is the motivation behind plans for the first IOC Olympism in Action Congress in 2017.There is still much more to do, but Olympic Agenda 2020 is off to a very fast start. None of this progress would have been possible without the commitment and support of stakeholders throughout the Olympic Movement. The reforms we are implementing in this year of change will deliver positive results for years to come. ■OLYMPIC REVIEW 7PRESIDENT BACH FOREWORD
05/03/2015The first day of the 2015 IBU Biathlon World Championships provided a golden moment for Gabriela Soukalová and her Czech Republic team-mates. Pictured here skiing through the woods of Kontiolahti in the east of Finland, Soukalová was part of the Czech quartet that won gold in the mixed relay, finishing 20 seconds ahead of France, with third-placed Norway a further seven seconds adrift.Photo: AFPBIATHLONSNAPSHOT
CLASSIC OLYMPIC IMAGESSALT LAKE CITYSNOWBOARD PARALLEL2002Less than two years after receiving a liver transplant to treat a rare degenerative condition, American snowboarder Chris Klug won a bronze medal in the parallel giant slalom at the Olympic Winter Games in Salt Lake City in 2002. Eight years later Krug competed in his third Olympic Winter Games, in Vancouver in 2010, finishing seventh. Photo: Getty Images
04/04/2015Canada’s Caroline Ouellette (left) celebrates with team-mate Rebecca Johnston after scoring an equalising goal against the USA in the final of the 2015 IIHF Women’s World Championship at Malmš Isstadion, Sweden. Her efforts would be to no avail, however, as their fierce rivals went on to win the gold medal game 7-5 and land a sixth world title. Since the tournament’s inception in 1990, the two nations have met in every final. Photo: CorbisICE HOCKEYSNAPSHOT

IOC President Thomas Bach has said that the time has come for sport to play a greater role as a force for positive change around the world. President Bach was speaking at the United Nations (UN) headquarters in New York in April.His remarks were welcomed by UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon and President of the UN General Assembly H.E. Sam Kutesa, who also spoke at the United Action Towards Sustainable Development For All Through Sport event. President Bach said: ÒSport is the only area of human existence that has achieved its own universal law. The rules of sport are recognised and followed wherever sport is played. They are based on a global ethic of fair play, respect for opponents, tolerance and friendship. In sport, all people are equal.ÒSport and physical education programmes provide a strong incentive for school attendance and contribute to a broad spectrum of life skills. Sport teaches respect for rules and respect for others, tolerance, non-discrimination, team-building, communication, decision-making and problem-solving. It promotes self-esteem, personal responsibility and self-discipline. Active children are learning more effectively. Sport is not a distraction from education Ð it is an important part of education.Ó The UN has long recognised the contribution of sport for development and peace. The IOC has been collaborating with the UN to promote the inclusion of sport in the sustainable development goals.ÒLet us use sport to leave a transformative and sustainable legacy for our children and grandchildren. It is sportÕs motivational appeal that gives hope and helps improve the lives of many,Ó said Ban Ki-moon. ÒI sincerely hope that the Member States of the United Nations, while they negotiate to shape the future development agenda, [see] the importance of sport, not only in health, but in peace and harmony, reconciliation, mutual understanding and respect for others, and fair games and rule of law and human rights.Ó During the same visit, President Bach was also invited to join HeForShe, a UN Women solidarity campaign intended to encourage men and boys to join the fight for gender equality and womenÕs rights around the world.PRESIDENT BACH: INCLUDE SPORT IN UN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS Above President Bach with Ban Ki-moon in New YorkIn April, IOC President Thomas Bach welcomed Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko to the Olympic Museum in Lausanne. President Poroshenko was accompanied by the Minister of Foreign Affairs, and 1st Vice Prime Minister. They discussed sport as a means to promote education, health, development, peace and reconciliation. The meeting was also attended by Sergey Bubka, President of the National Olympic Committee of Ukraine and IOC Executive Board Member, and Valeriy Borzov, IOC Member in Ukraine. AthletesÕ welfare was at the heart of their discussions, which focused on an IOC initiative that has helped Ukrainian athletes in areas affected by civil strife. The IOC established an emergency fund of USD 300,000 last year for the benefit of the Ukrainian athletes, through the NOC of Ukraine, for training and competition purposes. The Ukrainian President praised the initiative, which has seen 30 athletes who are currently supported by this programme relocated to more peaceful areas of the country to enable them to carry on their training. President Bach reiterated that the role of sport was to bring people together. He added that the UN resolution on the autonomy of sport explicitly encourages full participation at sporting events, and the conciliatory nature of sport. He noted that boycotts are incompatible with this UN request for respect of the values of sport.IOC WELCOMES UKRAINIAN PRESIDENTAbove President Poroshenko joins President Bach in Lausanne12 OLYMPIC REVIEW
IOC MARKS 100 YEARS IN LAUSANNEOn 10 April, IOC President Thomas Bach launched festivities marking the IOC’s 100 years in Lausanne in the presence of the IOC Honorary President, Jacques Rogge, Swiss Federal Councillor and Head of the Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sport Ueli Maurer, Lausanne Mayor Daniel Brélaz, State Councillors Philippe Leuba and Anne-Catherine Lyon, as well as IOC Members Lambis V. Nikolaou and Sheikh Ahmad Al-Fahad Al-Sabah, the President of the Association of Summer Olympic International Federations (ASOIF), Francesco Ricci Bitti, and the grand-nephew of Baron Pierre de Coubertin, Jacques De Navacelle. The day started at the Bois-de-Vaux cemetery, where President Bach paid tribute to Pierre de Coubertin. “Pierre de Coubertin himself decided to establish the IOC in Lausanne. It was the right decision to take then and it still is now,” he said. “One century later, the Olympic Movement continues to flourish in the city that Coubertin chose. Though we are already implementing the recommendations of Olympic Agenda 2020, it is certain that Coubertin, a visionary and reformer at heart, would have loved to take part in this new stage in the future of the Olympic Movement and offer us sage advice.” During a press conference at the Olympic Museum, President Bach unveiled the latest results of a study showing the impact of the IOC on the Lausanne region, the Canton of Vaud and Switzerland. The study shows that the IOC and the 45 International Sports Federations based in Switzerland have a yearly economic impact of CHF 1.07 billion for Switzerland, CHF 546 million for the Canton of Vaud and CHF 250 million for Lausanne. The study – commissioned by the IOC, the City of Lausanne and the Canton of Vaud – was conducted by the International Academy of Sports Science and Technology (AISTS). “During these 100 years of common history, we wrote many important and fascinating chapters, and I am looking forward to the next one, which will see the consolidation of our headquarters in Lausanne,” President Bach said. With the consolidation of its headquarters, the IOC is safeguarding its future in Lausanne for another 100 years. Indeed, the City of Lausanne granted the IOC a lease until 2115.In the coming months, the residents of Lausanne will have the opportunity to join the centenary celebrations by taking part in a number of events, including photo exhibitions at landmark sites linking the IOC and Lausanne, as well as Open Days at the IOC headquarters and the Olympic Museum.Top Centenary celebrations in Lausanne Above President Bach and Daniel Brélaz lay a wreath at the Bois-de-Vaux cemeteryIn May, IOC Honorary President and UN Secretary-General’s Special Envoy for Youth Refugees and Sport, Jacques Rogge, concluded a mission in Ethiopia visiting young South Sudanese refugees. Accompanied by IOC Member in Ethiopia, Dagmawit Girmay Berhane, he vowed to provide young refugees with more sports opportunities. He said: “I believe that when teams face each other in refugee camps, they learn to foster respect, reconciliation and friendship.”IOC HONORARY PRESIDENT ROGGE PLEDGES SUPPORT FOR REFUGEESThe World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) has announced pledges of USD 5.9 million from world governments in the fight for clean athletes, which will create a joint fund of nearly USD 13 million. One of the first initiatives of Olympic Agenda 2020 was the creation of a USD 20 million fund to protect clean athletes, USD 10 million of which is to be used to research new techniques to detect prohibited substances. President Bach said: “This fund clearly shows that we support innovative anti-doping research that will lead to better protection of the clean athletes.” WADA has called on the global anti-doping community to optimise the implementation and practice of the revised World Anti-Doping Code. At its annual Anti-Doping Organisation (ADO) Symposium held in Lausanne, WADA issued a rallying call to more than 450 representatives from International Sports Federations, major event organisations, National and Regional Anti-Doping Organisations, athletes and the media.GOVERNMENTS TO CONTRIBUTE TO IOC’S ANTI-DOPING FUND OLYMPIC REVIEW 13
OLYMPIC PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE ON DISPLAY IN SYDNEYIOC President Thomas Bach visited the Sydney Olympic Park, which is now a thriving commercial, residential and sporting precinct, to see the tremendous legacy that remains. During the visit on 29 April, he was joined by the Premier of New South Wales, Mike Baird, New South Wales Minister for Sport Stuart Ayres, Chair of the Sydney Olympic Park Authority Michael Knight, and many of those responsible for organising the Games.The Olympic Stadium now hosts around 50 events attracting on average one million people each year. As well as creating jobs, the Park hosts many sporting events. With more than 13 million visitors every year, the Park generates income of more than AUD 5 billion annually for the local economy.During his visit to Australia, President Bach also met Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott in Canberra. The IOC President described the Sydney Games as Òone of the most successfulÓ, and Games that Òall Australians could be proud ofÓ. The two leaders discussed the role that sport can play in society and Prime Minister Abbott said that Òsport can give a valuable purpose and a unifying force to build a better worldÓ.Joined by Australian Olympic Committee (AOC) President John Coates, they also discussed a possible Australian bid for the Olympic Games in 2028. Prime Minister Abbott said that Australia would Òcarefully considerÓ a bid, possibly by the city of Brisbane. The AOC has asked for a feasibility study, with Queensland mayors already coming out in favour of a project. On 2 May, President Bach addressed the General Assembly of the Oceania National Olympic Committees in Fiji and explained the vital role of sport in health and education in Oceania. ÒSport can contribute in many ways with regard to health, education, cohesion, social development, peace-building and nation-building, both internationally and nationally,Ó he said. President Bach also met Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama, who told him that sport was a key part of health and education policies in the country.On 4 May, President Bach visited Vanuatu, just six weeks after the island nation was hit by a devastating storm. The trip was an opportunity to discuss with the local sporting community how the IOC funding will be spent to rejuvenate the countryÕs sporting facilities.Two days later, the IOC President completed his Oceania trip with a visit to New ZealandÕs new NOC headquarters in Auckland, where he was greeted with a traditional Maori powhiri welcoming ceremony. ÒLike the Olympic Movement, the welcome ceremony signifies peace, friendship and equality, and it shows how New Zealanders embrace the same values we do of tolerance and understanding through sport,Ó he said.Below President Bach visits SydneyÕs Olympic ParkAbove President Bach with Indian Prime Minister Narendra ModiOn 27 April, IOC President Thomas Bach met Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi in New Delhi, and reached agreement on closer cooperation between the IOC, the Indian government and the Indian Olympic Association. The agreement will put athletes at the centre and lay a solid foundation for the future of sport in the country.The IOC President complimented the Indian Prime Minister on his great commitment to sport with regard to education and sports infrastructure. The Prime Minister highlighted the programmes his government is already undertaking, including the identification of 75 hopeful athletes for the Olympic Games Rio 2016. President Bach said: ÒSports development in India must tap the great potential of the 1.2 billion people in India, many of whom are young people. Youth was one of the three pillars of Olympic Agenda 2020, and this is a concrete example of how we can help.ÓPRESIDENT BACH MEETS INDIAN PRIME MINISTER
During his visit to Japan in March, IOC President Thomas Bach held talks with Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe (above). The leaders discussed the cooperation and strong commitment of the Japanese business community towards the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games and how this commitment was a strong asset for the preparation of the Games. President Bach gave a very positive report on the progress of the Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games, particularly in regard to sustainability. In March, during the United Nations’ 59th Session of the Commission on the Status of Women, the IOC’s Women and Sport Commission and UN Women co-hosted an event to explore how sport and physical activity can promote gender equality and empower women and girls. Under the theme Looking ahead – the place of sport for women’s empowerment post-2015, the meeting featured a number of inspirational women and men who have personally experienced the power of sport. Two-time Olympic medallist Michelle Kwan (USA) delivered a keynote speech. A role model for many young girls and women, the former figure skater gave a first-hand account of the role that sport has played in her life, both as a woman and as an athlete. PRESIDENT BACH VISITS JAPANIOC EXPLORES HOW SPORT CAN PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITYTOYOTA JOINS TOP PROGRAMMEIOC WELCOMES US SECRETARY OF STATEIOC President Thomas Bach was in Tokyo (Japan) in March to announce a milestone TOP partnership with Toyota Motor Corporation. President Bach said: “This is a very symbolic day. It is the first time in the successful history of the TOP Programme that we have had a mobility category. It is in the spirit of Olympic Agenda 2020 not just in terms of innovation but also in terms of sustainability in mobility. Toyota is the world leader in its field and this partnership signifies a strong commitment to the future of the IOC and the Olympic Movement. Toyota and the IOC share the same values and we welcome Toyota Motor Corporation to the Olympic family.” Toyota Motor Corporation President and CEO Akio Toyoda added: “We will do everything possible to fulfil our new role in The Olympic Partner Programme and to justify the trust that the IOC has placed in us. The addition of the mobility category to The Olympic Partner Programme is important recognition for our entire industry.“Under this Olympic flag, let us today reaffirm the power of sport to bring people together. Let us dedicate ourselves to creating a better world by promoting sport in the Olympic spirit of friendship, solidarity, and fair play.”Above Yoshiro Mori, Akio Toyoda, President Bach and Tsunekazu Takeda in TokyoOn 21 March, IOC President Thomas Bach gave US Secretary of State John Kerry a tour of the Olympic Museum in Lausanne. The Secretary of State stressed the important role that Olympic sports play in understanding and reconciliation by keeping doors open regardless of political differences. President Bach explained that sport is always about building bridges, never about erecting walls. In order to accomplish this, he added, the IOC must be politically neutral without being apolitical. Mr Kerry endorsed this view and congratulated President Bach on the approval of Olympic Agenda 2020. After the meeting, the Secretary of State signed the IOC’s Golden Book of Honour, writing: “The Olympic Movement is so powerful and from my earliest days I have followed each Olympic year with passion. This Movement transcends all politics and truly creates a sense of global possibility. Thank you for helping to break down barriers.”Left US Secretary of State John Kerry with President BachOLYMPIC REVIEW 15
Demonstrating how sport can contribute to building a better world, Olympians, International Federations, National Olympic Committees, Organising Committees for the Olympic Games and thousands of others around the world joined the IOC and United Nations in celebrating the International Day of Sport for Development and Peace (IDSDP) in April.The second edition of the IDSDP, which recognises sport as an instrument for social change, saw exceptional support from local communities, national and international sports bodies and organisations across the globe. The IOC has won the SportBusiness Ultimate Sports Federation Award for Governance and Transparency. According to SportBusiness Intelligence: “The IOC has, with the adoption of its Olympic Agenda 2020 recommendations, firmly demonstrated a high level of commitment to transparency and integrity to combat corruption, and to a whole raft of other principled initiatives.” IOC Executive Board Member Professor Ugur Erdener said: “I am delighted to accept the award, which I believe not only underlines the importance of good governance and transparency for sports organisations, but also acknowledges the work undertaken by IOC President Thomas Bach and my colleagues to implement Olympic Agenda 2020.”IOC HAILS SECOND IDSDPTRANSPARENCY AWARD FOR IOCPRESIDENT BACH AND FRENCH PRESIDENT HOLLANDE DISCUSS POTENTIAL OLYMPIC BID PROTECTING CLEAN ATHLETES FROM CORRUPTIONIOC President Thomas Bach and French President François Hollande met at the Olympic Museum in Lausanne in April. On the agenda was a possible French Olympic bid to host the 2024 Olympic Games in Paris. The French capital moved a step closer to bidding for the Games in April after the city council adopted a resolution in favour of hosting the Games.“This is a fantastic opportunity for the entire nation to be ready for 2024,” said President Hollande. “We know there are steps and procedures to follow. Like in all competitions, there are rules to be respected. We received a lot of information today and we are thankful to the IOC.”Also in April, President Bach welcomed Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán to the Olympic Museum. He later met the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin in Sochi. The IOC President and Prime Minister Orbán discussed the positive benefits sport can have in society, in particular through the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, as well as the changes to the bidding process for the Olympic Games. President Bach and President Putin held talks on the huge legacy of the Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games. The IOC President told the Russian leader that returning to Sochi was “quite an emotional moment” for him and told him of some of the legacies from the Games. The Russian leader emphasised that his country’s authorities continue to work closely with the IOC, and he praised the “excellent relations” with the IOC as “leader of the Olympic Movement.”The International Forum for Sports Integrity (IFSI) met for the first time in Lausanne in April, at the initiative of the IOC. Coinciding with the forum, the IOC launched the Integrity and Compliance Hotline, a new reporting mechanism for potential cases of competition manipulation as well as other violations of the integrity of sport. The web-based hotline is open to athletes, coaches, referees and the public, and guarantees 100 per cent anonymity. Anyone can report suspicious approaches or activities related to competition manipulation and/or infringements of the IOC Code of Ethics or other matters over which the IOC has jurisdiction. The IFSI reviewed what has been delivered and prepared a roadmap for future action aimed at strengthening and coordinating all activities to protect clean athletes from match-fixing, manipulation of competitions and related corruption.Left President Hollande and President Bach in LausanneAbove The International Forum for Sports Integrity met for the first time in Lausanne in AprilThe IOC has launched a free online education service aimed specifically at Olympians, other elite athletes and their coaches. The new service, The IOC Athlete Learning Gateway, went live on 28 May during the 7th IOC Athlete Career Programme Forum in Lima, Peru.More than 4,000 athletes and coaches have helped the IOC test and develop the pilot version of the experimental massive open online courses (MOOC). Leading academics, sports institutes, sports leaders and Olympians have contributed content for the programme. President Bach said: “The IOC Athlete Learning Gateway will allow athletes to shape their futures while still pursuing their athletic careers.”IOC LAUNCHES EDUCATIONAL SERVICE16 OLYMPIC REVIEW VIEW
The Rio 2016 Organising Committee has begun ticket sales for Brazilian residents. Residents were able to log on to Rio 2016’s official web site until 30 April and apply for tickets to the Games. The web site also announced details of the Authorised Ticket Resellers for non-Brazilian residents. In total, about 7.5 million tickets for the Games will be put on sale, with more than half priced at 70 Brazilian reals (about USD 23) or less. The cheapest tickets will be 40 Brazilian reals (about USD 13), while the most expensive ticket for a sports event will be 1,200 Brazilian reals (USD 394), and the most expensive Opening Ceremony ticket will be 4,600 Brazilian reals (USD 1,511).TICKET SALES FOR THE RIO 2016 OLYMPIC GAMES GET UNDERWAYOn 17-19 March, the IOC Coordination Commission for the XXIII Olympic Winter Games in PyeongChang completed its fourth visit to the host region. For the first time, the commission held all of its meetings in the Korean city of Gangneung. Gangneung will host three of the seven Olympic winter sports – curling, ice hockey and ice skating. IOC Coordination Commission Chair Gunilla Lindberg said: “The PyeongChang 2018 Organising Committee (POCOG), led by President Yang-ho Cho, and its partners have taken a solid step forward this week in their Games’ preparations. We have seen significant advances in the development of the venues, a major new partner joining POCOG, and a successful first meeting of the Integration Working Group, with all parties working hand-in-hand for the benefit of the 2018 Games.”IOC COORDINATION COMMISSION SATISFIED AFTER FOURTH VISIT TO PYEONGCHANGThe Rio 2016 Organising Committee announced the details of 44 test events that will be held in preparation for next year’s Olympic and Paralympic Games. The programme includes 34 Olympic events, six Paralympic events and four events that feature both Olympic and Paralympic disciplines.There are 21 events scheduled to take place in 2015, with the first set of outdoor events to be held between July and October this year. A series of indoor events will then be held from November 2015 to February 2016, with the final events taking place between March and May 2016, ahead of the Olympic Games, which begin on 5 August. More than 7,800 athletes will participate in the test events, providing each of them with a taste of the host city, while approximately 16,000 volunteers will also gain experience across the 156 days of competition.RIO 2016 UNVEILS TEST EVENTS PROGRAMMEBelow Rio de Janeiro will play host to more than 7,800 athletes during the test eventsOLYMPIC REVIEW 17
LILLEHAMMER 2016 LAUNCHES MEDAL DESIGN CONTESTThe IOC appealed to young designers to be part of the Winter Youth Olympic Games by designing the medal for Lillehammer 2016. The competition ran from 24 March until 1 June 2015. The winning design and two runners-up will be selected by a judging panel made up of the Young Ambassadors and Young Reporters who have been involved in the YOG since the inaugural edition in Singapore in 2010. Also joining the panel will be IOC Members Claudia Bokel, Chair of the IOC Athletes’ Commission, and Angela Ruggiero, Chair of the IOC Coordination Commission for Lillehammer 2016. The winning design will be selected at the end of June 2015.IOC COORDINATION COMMISSION PRAISES LILLEHAMMER PROGRESS Above Medals from the 2014 Youth Olympic Games in NanjingDuring its fourth visit to Lillehammer in April, the IOC Coordination Commission was impressed with the progress made with 10 months to go to the second edition of the Winter Youth Olympic Games. The Lillehammer 2016 Organising Committee has embraced and implemented many of the Olympic Agenda 2020 recommendations into the Games in response to IOC President Thomas Bach’s request to “look for options to scale down the protocol at the Youth Olympic Games”.IOC Coordination Commission Chair Angela Ruggiero said: “The team in Lillehammer has taken its sustainable approach to a new level with its creative and innovative ideas to not only reduce cost, but to make the YOG unique. “I can feel the excitement building as the Olympic rings return to Norway in less than 300 days. With the extensive plans to engage all young people across the nation, Lillehammer 2016 will leave a great legacy long after the Games have concluded.”The Candidate Cities of Brasov (Romania) and Lausanne (Switzerland) will soon find out which of them has won the right to stage the 3rd Winter Youth Olympic Games in 2020, with a decision due to be announced at the 128th IOC Session in Kuala Lumpur on 31 July.Brasov, which is home to about 300,000 people, is located 166km north of Bucharest International Airport, and hosted the Winter European Youth Olympic Festival in 2013. Its vision for the 2020 Winter YOG aims to use the Games to help increase the visibility of Romania around the world and promote its capacity to organise large-scale events, while also developing winter sports and the interest of the younger generation in winter sports, educating young people in the Olympic spirit and increasing awareness of sustainable development.Brasov also plans to use the Games to provide the opportunity to develop planning and implementation skills at all levels, to educate young people in the values of volunteerism and to increase Romanian young people’s confidence in their own values. Brasov’s cultural and educational programme – which would run alongside the Games – would rely mainly on ideas put forward by high school and university students in Brasov City. These ideas would be collected through an interactive platform and would focus on Brasov’s ethnic diversity and culture.Lausanne, which has a population of approximately 140,000, is located 62km east of Geneva International Airport.Its vision for the 2020 Winter YOG is to create an event that will mark the history of Olympism by basing itself on three elements that are unique to the region: a rich Olympic history, abundant expertise in the world of sports and a strong capacity for research and innovation. It plans to structure the event around the three pillars of legacy, expertise and innovation to allow young people to generate a new vision of sport and the Olympic values, as well as transpose them into their everyday lives. To achieve this, Lausanne plans to capture its unique Olympic heritage, redefine it and update it alongside the youth of the world in order to provide the next generation with a brand new and refreshed ownership of the Olympic values.IOC President Thomas Bach said: “Brasov and Lausanne have both shown a strong desire to bring the spirit of the Youth Olympic Games to their cities.”CANDIDATE CITIES AWAIT 2020 WINTER YOG VOTELeft Brasov (top) and Lausanne (bottom) are bidding to host the 3rd Winter Youth Olympic Games18 OLYMPIC REVIEW
BEFORE THE WORLD SAW THEM AS OLYMPIANS,MOM SAW THEIR POTENTIAL.
ITTF CELEBRATES FIRST WORLD TABLE TENNIS DAYICF AGREES VISION FOR CANOEING FUTUREQATARI NOC TO HOST UIPM EVENTSThe first ever World Table Tennis Day, launched by the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF), was celebrated on 6 April. Over 100 events in more than 50 countries were organised under the slogan “Table Tennis for Everyone, Everywhere!” Events were also staged in major cities such as Buenos Aires (Argentina), Amman (Jordan), Berlin (Germany), Mumbai (India), London and Manchester (Great Britain), New York (USA), Paris (France), Tehran (Islamic Republic of Iran), Zurich (Switzerland), and Suzhou (People’s Republic of China), which hosted the World Championships this year. There was also an event in Port-au-Prince (Haiti) at the Sport for Hope Centre, where 400 children took part in table tennis sessions under the supervision of 27 coaches. Below World Table Tennis Day was held in over 50 countriesThe International Canoe Federation (ICF), meeting in Marrakesh (Morocco), adopted a number of key recommendations for the future of the sport, including a clear commitment to deliver gender equity and an investment in online communications. ICF President and IOC Member José Perurena underlined his vision for the future of the sport, and how the ICF can align its strategic priorities with Olympic Agenda 2020 to strengthen its position within the Olympic Movement. The Board approved a number of motions linked directly to Olympic Agenda 2020, such as securing complete gender equity within the Olympic programme for 2020. The Qatari NOC and Qatari Modern Pentathlon Federation have signed an agreement with the International Federation of Modern Pentathlon (UIPM) to host the 2015, 2016 and 2017 editions of the Champion of Champions event.This tournament will bring together the top 36 athletes, competing to be crowned the best male and female modern pentathletes in the world. The agreement was signed by NOC Secretary General Saoud Bin Abdulrahman Al Thani, Qatari Federation President Fahad Saad Al Qahtani and UIPM President Klaus Schormann.FIBA FORMS PLAYERSÕ COMMISSIONSome of the biggest names in international basketball have been brought together to form an International Basketball Federation (FIBA) Players’ Commission for the 2014-2019 period. The Commission is chaired by a former player, Serbia’s Vlade Divac (below), who, in September 2014, became the first ever players’ representative and, as such, serves on the FIBA Central Board.Divac had a long and distinguished career that saw him play both in Europe and the NBA. He won two FIBA Basketball World Cups (1990, 2002) and three EuroBaskets (1989, 1991, 1995). He was inducted into the FIBA Hall of Fame in 2010.20 OLYMPIC REVIEW
IOC President Thomas Bach joined World Archery President and IOC Executive Board Member Ugur Erdener in laying the foundation stone at the World Archery Excellence Centre in Lausanne. The new facility will eventually welcome elite and novice athletes, both local and international, while doubling as a research and educational hub. Ugur Erdener thanked the City of Lausanne, Canton of Vaud and the Swiss Federal authorities for the excellent partnership they have enjoyed with World Archery over the years.UCI ANNOUNCES NEW ATHLETES’ COMMISSIONThe Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) has announced the launch of its revamped Athletes’ Commission. A number of changes have been made, ranging from the election method of its members to the balance of its composition and the tasks it is required to carry out, with the aim of ensuring closer ties with the athletes. Each national federation will nominate athletes for each discipline (road, mountain bike, trials, BMX, cyclo-cross, track, para-cycling and indoor). For the Olympic (road, mountain bike, BMX and track) and Paralympic disciplines, each federation will nominate two athletes (one man and one woman).The World Curling Federation (WCF) has announced that Canada’s Russ Howard and Ray Turnbull, and Japan’s Hiroyuki Saito have been inducted into the World Curling Hall of Fame. The announcement was made during the World Women’s Curling Championship in Sapporo (Japan). A member of the WCF Executive Board from 2002 to 2008, Saito was President of the Japanese Curling Association and brought the first World Curling Championships to Asia, when the Japanese city of Aomori hosted the World Women’s Curling Championship in 2007. Howard won a gold medal at the Olympic Winter Games in Turin in 2006 and competed in 14 Canadian championships. Turnbull played a crucial role within the Canadian Curling Association, creating a national junior championship. As part of its scholarship programme, the International Swimming Federation (FINA) has launched the Scholarships for Swimmers – Targeting Rio 2016 initiative, aimed at providing support to the south-east Asian national federations. The programme will offer the opportunity to obtain financial and technical assistance for two potential elite athletes selected by their national bodies. This assistance will help to improve their preparation and possible qualification for the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro. In addition, FINA has announced that Budapest (Hungary) will host the 17th World Championships and World Masters Championships in July 2017. Budapest will replace Guadalajara (Mexico), which was originally awarded the event. Above Russ Howard won gold for Canada at the Turin 2006 Olympic Winter GamesLeft President Bach helps lay the foundation stone in LausanneFINA LAUNCHES SCHOLARSHIPS FOR SWIMMERSFOUNDATION STONE LAID FOR WORLD ARCHERY EXCELLENCE CENTRETHREE ATHLETES ADDED TO WCF HALL OF FAMEOLYMPIC REVIEW 21
22 OLYMPIC REVIEW In April, IOC President Thomas Bach visited the National Olympic Committees of Serbia and Kosovo for talks on Olympic Agenda 2020, the role of sport in society, and the recent recognition by the IOC of the Kosovo NOC. Kosovo was granted full IOC recognition at the 127th IOC Session in Monaco in December 2014. In the Serbian capital Belgrade, President Bach praised the President of the Serbian NOC Vlade Divac for the progress made in Olympic sports. Later in Pristina, the capital of Kosovo, the IOC President held talks with Atifete Jahjaga, President of Kosovo, the Prime Minister, Isa Mustafa, as well as Kosovo NOC President Besim Hasani. Reminding them that the NOC of Kosovo was the first to receive recognition since he became President, Thomas Bach said: “We want our youngest child to grow quickly. We want to be very proud of the youngest member of our family.” President Bach added that if they prepared their athletes well for the Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro next year they would become great role models for the whole country.The Kosovan President said that sport could “build bridges in society” and spoke of the positive benefits of being a new member of the Olympic family. Later, the Kosovan Prime Minister said: “You have opened a blocked door for us and it will bring enormous benefits to be part of the international sporting community.” President Bach added: “I am sure this recognition will help nation building for Kosovo. By uniting people in sport, everyone can participate.”The Jordanian NOC celebrated World Radio Day in February by officially launching a partnership with two radio stations, Radio Hala and Bliss 104.3FM. This partnership will help spread sports news across the country and provide a platform for the NOC’s Living Sport communications plan, which encourages sports participation throughout Jordan. The stations will air weekly sports shows featuring all of the latest sports news in Jordan, regular competitions and exclusive live interviews with athletes.PRESIDENT BACH VISITS SERBIA AND KOSOVOJORDANIAN NOC LAUNCHES RADIO PARTNERSHIPSGUINEAN NOC HELPS FIGHT EBOLA VIRUSLITHUANIAN NOC HOSTS WINTER FESTIVALNOC OF CAPE VERDE OPENS FIRST ACADEMYNEWS IN BRIEFSomalia NOC marks IDSDPThe Somalia National Olympic Committee celebrated the 2nd International Day of Sport for Development and Peace on 6 April with colourful celebrations in Mogadishu. The event brought together members of the sports community and recognised the contribution of Somali athletes, with more than 2,000 athletes in attendance.Duran Farah, Secretary General of the Somalia NOC and head of the NOC’s Sports for Peace and Development Commission, highlighted the importance of the initiative and urged all Somali sports stakeholders, state leaders and UN country representatives to bear in mind that sport must be used in conflict resolution and, above all, to create conditions necessary for lasting peace.As part of efforts to combat the Ebola virus in the sports community, the Guinean NOC has distributed health kits to 28 national sports federations and the country’s eight administrative regions. The kits contain chlorine, boxes of soap, bleach and Thermo Scientific Flash analysers. The distribution took place in March at the NOC headquarters at the 28 September Stadium in Conakry.The second Olympic Winter Sports Festival was held in February in Druskininkai (Lithuania). The festival was opened by Lithuanian NOC President Daina Gudzineviciute and the Mayor of Druskininkai, Ricardas Malinauskas. Open to everyone, whatever their level, the festival featured skiing, snowboarding, ice hockey, short-track speed skating, figure skating and curling competitions.Cape Verde has announced it will open its first Olympic Academy, which was confirmed at the Constituent Assembly at the headquarters of the Olympic Committee Cape Verde (COC). Emanuel Charles D’Oliveira was appointed President of the governing board and confirmed that the first task would be to undertake internal organisational development to create strategic plans for the centre.Right President Bach receives a warm welcome in Pristina, the capital of Kosovo (top), and the Serbian capital Belgrade (below)
OLYMPIC REVIEW 23SPOTLIGHT ONÉ APPOINTMENTSAfghanistan: Dr Mohammad Yonus Popalzay was appointed Secretary General on 11 March. Belarus: Anatol Kotau was appointed Secretary General on 16 January. Ecuador: Fernando Ibáñez García was appointed Secretary General on 27 February. Fiji: Joseph Rodan was elected President on 26 March. Lorraine Mar remains Secretary General.Finland: Teemu Japisson was appointed Secretary General on 4 March. Hong Kong: Ronnie Wong was appointed Secretary General on 3 March. Kiribati: Kautu Temakei became Secretary General ad interim on 17 February. Madagascar: On 21 February Siteny Thierry Randrianasoloniaiko was re-elected President and Jean Alex Harinelina Randriamanarivo elected Secretary General. Rwanda: Philibert Rutagengwa was elected Secretary General on 24 February. Saudi Arabia: HRH Prince Abdulhakeem Bin Mosaad became Secretary General on 1 April. Slovenia: Edvard Kolar was appointed Secretary General on 10 February.Former 110m hurdler Paulo César Villar (far left) has been appointed as the athletes’ representative on the Executive Committee of the Colombian NOC. The NOC Athletes’ Commission ratified this nomination on 16 February. Villar was supported by his Commission colleagues, footballer Sandra Sepúlveda, shooter Danilo Caro, gymnast Jorge Hugo Giraldo and BMX rider Andrés Jiménez.VILLAR APPOINTED TO COLOMBIAN NOC EXECUTIVE COMMITTEEThe Venezuelan NOC successfully organised the first of its days devoted to environmental protection and recycling, as part of a project created by its Sport and Environment Commission. Clean-ups were undertaken at various points on the Venezuelan coast; at some of them, NOC representatives were in attendance, including NOC President Eduardo Álvarez Camacho.Numerous Olympic athletes also took part in this awareness-raising campaign, including Yulimar Rojas (high jump), Bárbara Moya and Daniel Flores (windsurfing). This campaign is part of the Olympic Solidarity and Pan-American Olympic Solidarity projects. Sports activities were also organised for the inhabitants of the communities concerned.VENEZUELAN NOC HOLDS ENVIRONMENTAL CLEAN-UP DAYSThe Italian National Olympic Committee (CONI) and the Italian Lottery have launched a project that aims to reduce the social exclusion of youths in disadvantaged areas. The project, named Vincere da Grandi (Win Big), was launched in May and will run throughout 2015. Children between the ages of five and 14 who live in disadvantaged areas of Italy and who are at risk of social exclusion will be able to practise numerous sports free of charge.The aim is to promote the development and spread of sports culture to encourage and transmit social and educational values such as fair play, respect, healthy competition, loyalty, solidarity and team spirit. “Through this initiative, we propose a virtuous model for public-private collaboration that, thanks to sports, aims to foster prevention and social development where it is most useful,” said CONI President Giovanni Malagò.CONI LAUNCHES PROJECT FOR DISADVANTAGED YOUTHJOC HOSTS FIRST FORUMIn February, the Japanese NOC (JOC) held the inaugural Entourage Forum in Tokyo, with 110 representatives from 51 national federations in attendance. In 2013, the JOC became the first NOC to create an Entourage Commission, chaired by 1984 Olympic judo champion Yasuhiro Yamashita. The main topic of the forum, in which IOC Athletes’ Commission Chair and Executive Board Member Claudia Bokel took part, was the prevention of abuse of athletes by coaches.
DUCKS CROSSINGAt the 1928 Olympic Games, rower Henry “Bobby” Pearce stopped midway through his quarter-final race to allow a family of ducks to swim by in front of his boat! In spite of this interruption, Pearce (AUS) won the men’s single sculls race and later the gold medal too.THEY SAID ITThese infamous words were said about 30-year-old sprinter and mother, Fanny Blankers-Koen (NED), who proceeded to silence the sceptics by winning four athletics gold medals at the 1948 Olympic Games in London. No woman has matched this achievement since.Too old to make the grade.” Jack Crump, secretary of the British Amateur Athletic BoardSocial media at the Olympic GamesKey facts and figures from inside the Olympic MovementFun facts and quotes from the IOC Olympic Studies Centre – your source of Olympic knowledgeFAST FACTSDID YOU KNOW?* For institutional news and media. All information sourced from IOC reportsWHO’S READING OLYMPIC REVIEW?Who: Liubov Charkashyna (BLR) flicks through issue 94 of Olympic Review.Where: 31st European Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships, Minsk.Visit us here:www.olympic.org/studies72,630 tweets per minute when the USA men’s ice hockey team beat Russia at Sochi 2014 Currently, Olympic fans connect with the IOC in:ENGLISHFRENCHSPANISHPORTUGUESEKOREANJAPANESERUSSIANARABICCHINESEof the IOC’s social media users are under the age of 24per cent are aged between 13 and 17followers for the IOC on social media4,045%increase in Facebook followers for US gymnast Gabby Douglas at London 2012Scan to visit the Olympic Hub35Twitter.com/OlympicsTwitter.com/iocmedia* Facebook.com/OlympicsInstagram.com/OlympicsYoutube.com/OlympicswFollow the IOC at:Over 5 billion impressions were recorded on the Olympic Facebook page in 201450,000,00024 OLYMPIC REVIEW Overpeople signed up to the IOC’s YouTube Channel in 20151,000,000Olga Korbut’s Munich 1972 uneven bar routine is the most watched video on Facebook30million viewsmillion likes, comments and shares2

ANTîNIO GUTERRES, UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES, LOOKS AT THE CONTRIBUTION THAT SPORT CAN MAKE TO HUMANITARIAN ACTION AND HOW SPORTS PROGRAMMES CAN HELP YOUNG REFUGEES AROUND THE WORLDBEYOND THE RINGSHELPING TO RECOVER A LOST CHILDHOOD: SPORTS AND REFUGEE CHILDRENIn 10 years as High Commissioner for Refugees, I have travelled a hundred times to remote, dusty refugee camps to meet with the people my organisation was created to serve. These are people who have lost nearly everything to violence and war, who are struggling to recreate a life for themselves in exile, living in tents, scraping by on food rations, longing to go home. But what refugees worry about most, no matter where they are, is their childrenÕs future. And rightly so. The number of refugees and internally displaced people around the world is higher today than at any other time since the end of the Second World War Ð over 50 million people. Thirty million of them are under the age of 18. Some of these children have been separated from their families; others have been victims of armed violence, abuse or exploitation. And tens of thousands of young refugees were born in camps, to parents who themselves have never set foot in their country of origin. Children are often most profoundly affected by displacement, the traumatic experiences they have lived through, and the dramatic changes in lifestyle that result from flight. The psychological effects of this can be far-reaching, affecting refugee childrenÕs well-being, sleep, speech and social skills. And the stressful and uneasy environment in which many refugee families live can also trigger tension and violence in the home. We try our best to provide at least primary education, but far too many refugee children do not go to school. The result is a lost childhood, years spent in limbo, and a real risk of losing their futures too.UNHCR and the IOC have long recognised the importance of sport and recreation activities for childrenÕs well-being and development, especially refugee children. For the past two decades we have been working together to try to restore some of these lost childhoods, and to offer what refugee children want more than anything: a sense of belonging and hope. Our first sports projects were initiated in refugee camps in Nepal and Kenya in the mid-1990s. The success of these early programmes inspired us to roll out similar activities for refugee youth in the war-torn Balkans and later in other parts of Africa, Asia and Central America. In 2006, recognising the intrinsic value of sport as a tool for education, we began to use sports programmes as part of campaigns to stem sexual violence in African and Central American refugee camps. Alongside these programmes, the partnership has also enabled us to provide sporting equipment to refugee camps around the world. Starting at the Olympic Games in Athens in 2004, and at successive editions of the Olympic Games since then, we have been able to collect sports clothing from competing athletes for distribution among refugees. Leveraging the power of sports in displacement situations, however, goes far beyond providing footballs, nets and uniforms. To achieve their goal, sports activities must be closely tied to protection and refugeesÕ rights, which are at the centre of UNHCRÕs mandate. In several countries, we have developed sports programmes around the specific protection needs of children and communities, with greatly encouraging results. In several refugee situations, football leagues have proven to be more effective than most other tools in fostering dialogue and reconciliation. We have also closely linked sports projects with education programmes to conduct health and sanitation campaigns or to raise awareness of HIV/AIDS. We know these programmes work, and have a huge real-life impact on the quality of refugeesÕ lives. Communities where we have been able to implement sports programmes have enjoyed higher, sustained registration in schools, particularly for girls, lower levels of violence and recruitment into armed groups, and lower incidents of sexual and gender-based violence. Ultimately, sports have helped many of these young refugees achieve a greater sense of community, belonging and hope for the future. Our partnership with the IOC has benefited thousands of girls and boys languishing in refugee camps across the globe. It grew substantially under the leadership of former President Jacques Rogge, who continues to support the refugee cause in his new capacity as the UN Secretary-GeneralÕs Special Envoy for Youth Refugees and Sport. His successor, President Thomas Bach, has also given the partnership his wholehearted backing.Through our partnership with the IOC, we will continue to try to ensure that children uprooted by war and violence can regain a bit of their lost childhood and start to rebuild futures with a sense of belonging, activity and purpose. ■António Guterres is a former Portuguese prime minister. He was elected to become the 10th United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in June 2005. For more information about the activities and mandate of UNHCR, visit www.unhcr.org26 OLYMPIC REVIEW COLUMN

WHAT’S TRENDING?THE LATEST SOCIAL MEDIA POSTS ON THE OLYMPIC ATHLETESÕ HUB FROM AROUND THE WORLDI realised my dream! I’m world and Olympic champion. Thanks to my sister and thanks to everyone for your support!UkraineÕs Valj Semerenko enjoys her 12.5 km mass start win at the Biathlon World ChampionshipsValj Semerenko15 March4,321,925 FansWatched this for the first time in 10 years. Can’t believe how close I was to an Olympic medal! If only...Malaysian cyclist Josiah Ng watches his performance at the Athens 2004 Olympic Games on YouTubeTop Followed Female AthletesMaria SharapovaRussia16,678,944 fansRonda RouseyUSA6,578,605 fansAlex MorganUSA4,055,466 fansYuna KimRepublic of Korea3,804,295 fans6,156Athlete Profiles6m+PostsDownload the Athletes’ Hub App on Play and IOS storesCurling season might be over but @NiklasEdin and Kristian playing the final at #Tables #9ball #summerpracticeSwedenÕs Niklas Edin and Kristian Lindstršm celebrate their curling world title with a gameof poolNiklas Edin20 AprilUS snowboarder Shaun White posts a skateboarding throwback photoShaun White16 April OLYMPIC ATHLETES’ HUBW4,321,925FanssnowboarderShaun e S tesarapova44 usey5 gan6 f 5 Ana IvanovicSerbia3,227,143 fans«28 OLYMPIC REVIEW Images from IOC Images, Getty Images and social media accounts. Information correct as of 26 May 2015Josiah Ng27 AprilNever stop doing what you do #tbt
The Olympic AthletesÕ Hub allows you to follow what verified Olympians are up to on social media. Follow more than 6,000 Olympians and access over six million posts at hub.olympic.orgNo one said it was going to be easy #roadtorio #rio2016 #ICFsprint #canoesportAustrian sprint canoer Viktoria Schwarz shares her hard work on the road to RioViktoria Schwarz 5 March143,362 FansWhat a day! Thank you to the crowds and streets of London and all the runners, memories that will last a lifetime and beyond.British athlete Paula Radcliffe after running in her final competitive marathonWhat a day! Super happy! European champion! New PB and world leading!!The NetherlandsÕ Dafne Schippers celebrates her European indoor 60m title and new personal best timeNot a bad view to wake up to. Time to head up for practice. Stoked to have some fun on course again #mountainlife #switzerland #veysonnaz #sbx #snowboardcross #sbx #worldcupUS snowboarder Nick Baumgartner looks ahead to a day on the slopesNick Baumgartner 11 MarchVictoria Azarenka17 April#TeamSpirit #Belarus #FedCupVictoria Azarenka and her Belarus team-mates pose for a photo after their Fed Cup win over JapanOLYMPIC ATHLETESÕÕ HUBOLYMPIC REVIEW 29Dafne Schippers8 MarchPaula Radcliffe26 April

‘THE BID PROCESS BECOMES AN INVITATION FOR AN OPEN DIALOGUE WITH THE IOC’JACQUELINE BARRETT, IOC OLYMPIC GAMES DEPARTMENT ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR – OLYMPIC BIDS Thousands of Olympic fans pack into a city square to witness the action unfolding on specially-erected screens. They watch with bated breath, eagerly anticipating the result they have all been hoping for. Suddenly, a collective euphoria sweeps across the crowd and jubilant cheers erupt from every corner as their wishes finally come true and they celebrate victory.Scenes such as these have become commonplace at the Olympic Games, as fans gather to watch their sporting heroes triumph on the biggest stage of all, but these people arenÕt congregating to cheer on their countryÕs finest athletes Ð they are watching the announcement of the next Olympic host city.The residents of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), Tokyo (Japan) and PyeongChang (Republic of Korea) have all experienced those joyful moments in recent years, as they marked their own cityÕs successful Olympic bid. Now, thanks to the reforms made by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) as part of Olympic Agenda 2020 Ð the strategic roadmap for the future of the Olympic Movement, which was unanimously approved at the IOC Session in December last year Ð it is hoped that more cities around the world will get the chance to enjoy similar celebrations.Of course, when the Olympic Games were revived by Baron Pierre de Coubertin at the end of the 19th century, the choice of the first host city was a simple one. Greece had, after all, been the birthplace of the ancient Olympic Games, and the countryÕs capital, Athens, was the only option considered for the 1896 Games by the fledgling IOC. Similarly, Paris and St Louis (which replaced Chicago) were the only candidates in 1900 and 1904, but as the Games became more established, the interest of major cities around the world began to increase. The 1908 Games were the first to receive bids from multiple cities and, when the time came to award the 1936 Games, the number of aspiring host cities had risen to 13.With the Games growing in stature and status from one edition to the next, the bidding and selection procedure for host cities also evolved to reflect the importance of the decision. The most recent bidding system was introduced following a number of reforms adopted by the 110th IOC Session in 1999, and was first used during bidding for the 2008 Games. The two-step process Ð which saw the plans of all initial Applicant Cities examined before they were approved to become official Candidate Cities Ð was designed to ensure that cities that were insufficiently prepared to organise the Olympic Games successfully did not proceed to the second phase of bidding. As part of the IOCÕs mission to improve the bid process, the procedure was constantly monitored and improvements made where necessary. The 2016 bid process, for instance, saw the introduction of a briefing made to the IOC Members by the Candidate Cities, a few months before the election, in order to give all voting Members the opportunity to question the cities on their projects. The biggest reforms, however, are those that have now been introduced as part of Olympic Agenda 2020, which aim to shape the bid process as an invitation while also strengthening the evaluation of bid cities and reducing the cost of bidding and organising the Games.ÒOf the 40 recommendations to be implemented as part of Olympic Agenda 2020, the first three relate to the Olympic bid process, showing the importance of the process as part of the IOCÕs long-term vision,Ó explains Jacqueline Barrett, the IOCÕs Olympic Games Department Associate Director Ð Olympic Bids. ÒThe recommendations introduce a new philosophy, whereby the IOC invites potential cities to present a project that best matches their sports, economic, social and environmental long-term planning needs. The bid process therefore becomes an invitation for an open dialogue with the IOC, rather than an application for a tender, and reinforces that there is no one-size-fits-all solution or model for the Games.ÓThe new philosophy is reflected in the addition of a new Invitation Phase in the bidding process. During this phase, National Olympic Committees (NOCs) are invited to declare their interest in bidding to the IOC. The IOC will then assist the NOCs and their potential Applicant City INVITATIONFOLLOWING REFORMS TO THE GAMES BIDDING PROCESS AS PART OF OLYMPIC AGENDA 2020, OLYMPIC REVIEW LOOKS AT THE NEW PROCEDURE THAT HAS BEEN INTRODUCED FOR CITIES WISHING TO HOST THE OLYMPIC GAMES AND THE OLYMPIC WINTER GAMESBYOLYMPIC REVIEW 31BIDDING FOR SUCCESS
term development goals, rather than let the Games impose on them,” says Christophe Dubi, Executive Director of the Olympic Games. “That’s the fundamental philosophical difference.”In addition, the IOC is placing greater emphasis on the use of existing and temporary venues where no long-term legacy need exists for a new facility.“The IOC and the Olympic Movement are open to different Games’ value propositions that will deliver great Games for athletes while also meeting a city or region’s vision and goals,” says Barrett. “There is also flexibility, as far as venue locations are concerned, for the layout of a bid with regard to legacy and sustainability: preliminary competitions may be organised outside the host city or, in exceptional cases, outside the host country, particularly for reasons of sustainability. Furthermore, entire sports or disciplines may be organised outside the host city or, in exceptional cases, outside the host country for geographical or sustainability reasons.”As Dubi explains: “One of the biggest pressures for any host city is the number of venues that are needed at a given point in time for so many sports. What we are saying in the Olympic Agenda 2020 reforms is, firstly, that the preliminary rounds in team sports can take place in different cities. That’s already the case for football, but now bidders can choose to do that for basketball, handball, volleyball or others to help ‘spread the load’ and reduce the number of venues that are needed. “Secondly, if there is a sustainability concern, you can choose a venue in another city. So, for instance, if you have to better understand the process and its various stages, as well as what is involved in the organisation of the Games. At the end of the Invitation Phase, potential host cities can decide whether they want to commit to the bid process and become an official Applicant City. By introducing the Invitation Phase, the IOC aims to help potential host cities develop a project that best meets the city’s long-term development needs. Legacy and sustainability planning are therefore introduced as key components from the outset to ensure the Games act as a catalyst for the positive development of tangible and intangible legacies for the host city and the host region. “We wanted to create a situation where the city, the region and the country that is bidding for the Games can adapt and tailor their project to meet their long-APPLICANT PHASEINVITATION PHASECities put forward by respective NOCs as Applicant CitiesIOC provides workshops to potential biddersCities participate in the Observer Programme during the Olympic Games. Can be in the Applicant or Candidature PhaseCandidate City workshops held by the IOCCandidate City Briefi ng for IOC MembersFinal presentation by Candidate Cities to the IOC SessionIOC information seminar for Applicant CitiesCities submit application fi le to IOCCANDIDATUREPHASEIOC Evaluation Commission visits Candidate CitiesIOC invites NOCs to declare interest in biddingElection of host city by IOC MembersAcceptance of Candidate Cities by IOC Executive BoardOLYMPICGAMESPublication of IOC Evaluation Commission reportBID PROCESSFrom invitation to election10 YEARS TO GO9 YEARS TO GO8 YEARS TO GO7 YEARS TO GOTHE 32 OLYMPIC REVIEW
ÔWEÕRE CREATING THE OPPORTUNITY FOR MORE CITIES AROUND THE WORLD TO HOST THE GAMESÕCHRISTOPHE DUBI, IOC EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE OLYMPIC GAMES a fantastic rowing lake in a city that is 300km from the host city, for sustainability reasons it makes sense to use that existing facility rather than create another one. By allowing this flexibility in terms of venues, you reduce the pressure on host cities. So if a new venue is not needed in the long-term development plans of the city, you can use what you already have elsewhere, or use a temporary venue, which has no long-term operating costs.”The changes will allow a wider variety of cities to bid for the Games in the future and the IOC will see different Games models being presented. Some will be very compact, and city-based. Others may use the opportunity to spread events throughout the host region or country. The IOC will not see the exact same project from one Games to the next. There will be differences – not only in the style and culture of the host, but also in the physical layout, the delivery and the operational responses that will be brought by the bid cities.While the full set of reforms will first be applied to the bid process for the 2024 Olympic Games, the two cities bidding for the 2022 Olympic Winter Games – Almaty (Kazakhstan) and Beijing (China) – have already taken active steps to implement a number of the recommendations into their own plans.“Although the 2022 Candidate Cities were in the final stages of developing their Candidature Files – their blueprint for the 2022 Olympic Winter Games – when Olympic Agenda 2020 was adopted, both Almaty and Beijing have embraced the IOC’s new philosophy, seeking ways to optimise their Games concept, reduce costs and ensure positive, sustainable legacies for their city and region,” says Barrett. “The 2022 Evaluation Commission was able to witness first-hand the efforts both cities are making in this respect during its recent visit to the cities in February and March.”The bid process for the 2024 Games, meanwhile, was launched earlier this year with the first ever Invitation Phase – and the feedback from potential host cities has so far been very positive. “We’ve already met for preliminary meetings with a number of cities, who have found the new process extremely helpful as it allowed us to clarify a number of their key questions about how the Games could fit into their long-term projects,” says Dubi. “It has created much more dialogue between the cities, the NOCs and the IOC. That dialogue is fundamental to the process. The Games are complex to organise and there are so many different aspects that it can be very easy to get overwhelmed. But by creating this dialogue in the Invitation Phase, we can respond to a number of fundamental questions that each of the cities will have.”By clarifying some of the more complex elements of Games delivery upfront, the IOC aims to give potential bid cities all the information that they need to launch their Games projects. According to Barrett, this increased assistance from the IOC means that cities considering a bid will be advised about bid procedures, core Games requirements and how previous cities have ensured positive bid and Games legacies. “The IOC has always provided assistance to potential Applicant Cities,” she explains. “But with the introduction of Olympic Agenda 2020, this assistance is now more of an ongoing dialogue with targeted information tailored to meet the cities’ specific needs and to assist cities and potential Games stakeholders to better understand Games needs and how these match their specific context and long-term development plans.“From March to August 2015 various levels of assistance are being provided to potential Applicant Cities and their NOCs, tailored to each city’s needs,” says Barrett. “The most significant change is the addition of individual invitation workshops in Lausanne for delegations potentially interested in putting forward a bid.” Dubi explains: “It’s important that cities have this information at their disposal so they know what has worked in the past, what needs to be addressed to avoid mistakes, and what should be done to maximise the positive return of bidding.“When these messages can be shared during the Invitation Phase, it gives credibility to the projects that are then being designed by the cities, which have a responsibility towards their citizens. It means they are bidding for something they know everything about and they know how they want to use it to achieve their goals. They have a vision, they understand all elements of the project, they can manage all of the complexities and then they can put forward their proposition. From an IOC standpoint, what we then get is a line-up of very strong projects in the early phases of the bidding process.”And the range of cities from around the world that have so far participated in the 2024 Invitation Phase underlines the IOC’s belief that the increased flexibility offered by the Olympic Agenda 2020 reforms gives a wider variety of cities the chance to stage the Games.Dubi believes that these and other changes will have a positive impact on the Olympic Movement. “We’re creating the opportunity and the potential for more cities around the world to host the Games,” he says. “With Olympic Agenda 2020, we’re also creating the conditions for truly sustainable events, which are socially responsible and serve the long-term vision of these cities. In 15 years from now, when we have seen some of these Games delivered under Olympic Agenda 2020, we expect them to receive a ‘thumbs-up’ because the impact will be widely positive in all areas – be it environmentally, socially, economically, or from a sporting standpoint.”Barrett agrees that the reformed bid process will lead to long-term benefits for the Olympic Movement. “The IOC’s bid process was already well regarded in the international sports world and placed great emphasis on education and the transfer of knowledge from one host city to the next,” she says. “However, as President Bach himself has said, ‘If we do not change when successful, we will be forced to change’.“Without Olympic bids, there would be no Olympic Games. It is therefore of the utmost importance that the IOC continues to build on solid foundations so that the Olympic Movement can strengthen Olympism in society, keeping it relevant and inspirational for generations to come.”Those future generations could one day be celebrating their own city’s successful bid, as they look forward to welcoming the world’s greatest athletes on their doorstep. Now that is an invitation that is hard to refuse. ■BIDDING FOR SUCCESSOLYMPIC REVIEW 33
ALMATYAHEAD OF THE VOTE TO DECIDE THE HOST CITY OF THE 2022 OLYMPIC WINTER GAMES AT THE 128TH IOC SESSION, THE ALMATY BID COMMITTEE PRESENTS HIGHLIGHTS FROM ITS BID, INCLUDING AN INTERVIEW WITH THE CITY’S MAYOR, AKHMETZHAN YESSIMOVTEXT AND ILLUSTRATIONS PROVIDED BY THE ALMATY 2022 BID COMMITTEE *CITIES ARE LISTED IN THE ORDER OF DRAWING OF LOTS BY THE IOC EXECUTIVE BOARD34 OLYMPIC REVIEW
INTRODUCTIONAlmaty is the largest city in Kazakhstan. It is also the country’s former capital and remains its major commercial and cultural centre. Nestled at the foot of the magnificent snow-covered Tian Shan mountain range, Almaty is blessed with perfect geography and perfect climatic conditions for winter sports. The city is already the home of winter sports in Kazakhstan, and indeed the surrounding Central Asian region and offers a new, exciting and established destination for the Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games. The people of Kazakhstan have experienced first-hand how sport improves lives at every level of society. That is why the country hosted the Asian Winter Games in 2011, why it is hosting the Winter Universiade in 2017, and it is why it is bidding for the 2022 Olympic Winter Games. As a new nation, Kazakhstan needs the power of the Games to serve as a continuing catalyst for progress. The legacy of Almaty 2022 and sport in general is precisely linked to the long-term development of Kazakhstan through the existing “Kazakhstan 2050 Strategy”. This far-reaching, national development plan is focused on seven distinct objectives, and each of these is directly linked to the Almaty 2022 plan. This ensures that it carries forward one of Olympic Agenda 2020’s main precepts – sustainability.Almaty 2022 offers real change for the Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games. Almaty 2022’s vision promises Olympic Winter Games focused on delivering the most “easy to use” and efficient Games plan in 30 years – all venues are within a 30km radius of the Olympic Village. Almaty 2022 promises a return to a responsible, sensible Games model by adapting the 2022 Winter Games to fit the city and its long-term needs.VISION Almaty 2022’s vision is called “Keeping it Real”. Simply put, Almaty 2022 is determined to provide the Olympic Movement with an extraordinary new concept for the Olympic Winter Games that is sensible, affordable and sustainable.Keeping it Real means:- Making the Winter Games intimate again, with a plan that is easy to implement and ideally suited to the athletes’ experience first and foremost. No venue is more than 30km from the Olympic Village. Almaty is a vibrant, modern city, flanked by 4,000m peaks, with natural snow falling in the city, providing perfect geographic and climatic conditions for a memorable festival of Olympic and Paralympic winter sports;- Making the Winter Games an excellent investment by basing its Games concept on sensible expenditures and rational budgets, which are in turn based on the real needs of the city and the nation; - Making sure the Winter Games leave a realLeft Almaty is situated at the foot of the Tian Shan mountain range Below Plans for the Olympic City clusterOLYMPIC REVIEW 352022 CANDIDATE CITIES
legacy by hosting an Olympic Games for the first time in Kazakhstan, and by proposing a Games concept that is fully supported by the existing national development policy, the “Kazakhstan 2050 Strategy”;- Making the Winter Games sustainable. Almost 70 per cent of the required facilities already exist, a great example for future Winter Games concepts. By 2017, almost 80 per cent of the venues will exist thanks to the 2017 Almaty Winter Universiade;- Making the Winter Games environmentally responsible. Thanks to the minimal need for new venues or new transport facilities, the environmental impact will be negligible for Almaty 2022;- Making the Winter Games fun. The people of Kazakhstan represent one of the most culturally diverse countries on earth thanks to its location at the crossroads of cultures for millennia. Over 100 ethnicities and 40 religious denominations live in Almaty, peacefully.Almaty 2022’s Games concept is based on adapting the Games to fit the city and its resources, not changing the city or incurring costs for unneeded facilities to fit the Olympic Winter Games. This is a profound and real change for future aspiring host cities. Almaty 2022’s plan has 13 competition venues (seven in the city and six in the mountains), all within a 30km radius of the Olympic Village. There are:- Nine existing venues (almost 70 per cent) ready for the Games; - Two planned new venues for the Winter Universiade in 2017; and - Two additional venues needed to stage the 2022 Olympic Winter Games. The Almaty 2022 concept is one of a kind due to its unique winter geography, existing winter sports facilities and Kazakhstan’s strong experience of hosting winter sports. It is also both practical and straightforward, with all events based in either the City Zone or the Mountain Zone.Q&A What would it mean to your city to host the 2022 Olympic Winter Games and how specifically would the Games benefit your city/region? Olympic legacy is most impactful when it is applied where it is most needed. We have observed the power of the Olympic legacy at work in many host cities over the years. The nation of Kazakhstan understands this, and believes that Olympic legacy can yield social and economic benefits for generations to come beyond the 2022 Winter Games. The 2022 Winter Games will also raise the profile of Kazakhstan as a modern, secular and dynamic economy in Central Asia. This will drive investment and serve as a catalyst for the existing Kazakhstan 2050 Strategy. This far-reaching plan is designed for widespread economic, social and political reforms to position our nation among the top 30 global economies by 2050. Sport, and its positive impact on society, fits perfectly within the goals of Kazakhstan’s 2050 Strategy and it is why Almaty 2022 is so important to Almaty, Kazakhstan and the Central Asian region.What would the athletes appreciate most about the Olympic Winter Games in your city? Almaty 2022 has made every effort to create a once-in-a-lifetime experience for the world’s greatest athletes. An incredibly compact Games concept allows for short distances and travel times to venues, providing ultimate convenience and comfort for athletes. Thanks to the large number of existing venues, Almaty 2022 will offer a comprehensive test event schedule. Finally, Almaty is a fun, cosmopolitan city full of great restaurants, shopping and nightlife, guaranteed to provide a cosy and intimate atmosphere for the athletes during their free time.What could Olympic fans look forward to experiencing at the Olympic Winter Games in your city? Olympic fans can look forward to a true winter city nestled next to incredible mountains and lots of fresh, natural snow. The people of Almaty love winter sports and they are part of our culture. The Almaty 2022 Games will also benefit from a city that is the perfect size, at 1.6 million inhabitants, for an intimate and easy-to-use Games concept. This festival of sport, the warmth, charm and hospitality of our people, and an incredibly compact Games concept will result in a truly energetic Games-time atmosphere. The Almaty 2022 spectator experience will be akin to that of the intimate Olympic Winter Games of the past, but in a new and exciting part of the world.How could hosting the Olympic Winter Games benefit your city? Hosting the 2022 Olympic Winter Games will be a galvanising force for the transformation of the city of Almaty. New and modernised transport infrastructure, hotels, convention centres, employment opportunities and an enhanced international profile represent hosting benefits that only the Games can deliver. Ultimately, the Olympic Games are about sport and human development. Almaty is a young city; 40 per cent of the population is under the age of 24. An Almaty 2022 Olympic Winter Games will provide the city and its people with a new and updated sports infrastructure to meet significant existing demand. Almaty 2022 will also inspire confidence and build national pride for our citizens as we introduce Almaty and Kazakhstan to the world.AKHMETZHAN YESSIMOV MAYOR OF ALMATY36 OLYMPIC REVIEW 2022 CANDIDATE CITIES
LEGACY & SUSTAINABILITYFor Almaty 2022, Olympic legacy is a very clear concept. It is based on the city’s real need for the Games, and on the Olympic Agenda 2020 reforms.- The Physical Legacy for new construction is crucial and will provide new sports venues, residential housing, hotels and enhanced public transport. - The Almaty 2022 Economic Legacy represents an investment of around USD 4.5 billion in preparation for the Games, which creates jobs and improves the GDP of the country. - The Almaty 2022 Emotional Legacy refers to the tremendous impact on our nation’s young people’s aspirations – within or outside of sport. - The Almaty 2022 Educational Legacy promotes the fundamental principles and values of Olympism though Olympic education progammes in schools.- The Sports Legacy focuses on the next generation of athletes. The venues’ legacy will provide modern training facilities for years to come. Almaty’s commitment to sustainability starts with its Games concept. The concept reinforces and emphasises a sustainable Winter Games because of its compact layout and because most of the competition venues already exist, especially in the environmentally sensitive Mountain Zone. Almaty 2022’s five major sustainability objectives include: - Ecosystem conservation and biodiversity preservation;- Carbon footprint minimisation across all Games operations;- Health and social development;- Efficient energy and natural resources usage; and - Economic development opportunities for local and international businesses. ■Below Map of the proposed Olympic project Almaty 2022 Venue and Transport PlanOLYMPIC REVIEW 372022 CANDIDATE CITIES
BEIJINGAHEAD OF THE VOTE TO DECIDE THE HOST CITY OF THE 2022 OLYMPIC WINTER GAMES AT THE 128TH IOC SESSION, THE BEIJING BID COMMITTEE PRESENTS HIGHLIGHTS FROM ITS BID, INCLUDING AN INTERVIEW WITH THE CITYÕS MAYOR, WANG ANSHUNTEXT AND ILLUSTRATIONS PROVIDED BY THE BEIJING 2022 BID COMMITTEE
INTRODUCTIONBeijing, the capital of China, is a world-renowned historical and cultural city as well as a modern metropolis. It is also a city embracing a tradition of winter sports, and has a world-class venue legacy from the 2008 Games. Closely adjoining Beijing, Zhangjiakou is an emerging hot spot for snow sports in China with well-developed ski and hotel facilities.Beijing 2022 has planned three Games zones: Beijing, Yanqing and Zhangjiakou. The Beijing zone will provide the venues for the opening and closing ceremonies as well as the ice sports competitions. The Yanqing zone will host the bobsleigh, skeleton and luge as well as Alpine skiing competitions. Biathlon and all the skiing events, except Alpine skiing, will take place in the Zhangjiakou zone. Both the Yanqing and Zhangjiakou zones are located to the north-west of the Beijing zone along the Yanshan mountain range. With favourable temperatures, average freeze periods and snow depths, as well as wind speeds, these two locations are ideal for the snow sports competitions of Beijing 2022.Of the 12 proposed competition venues, six already exist, minimising the cost of venue construction and demonstrating the concept of sustainable development. Six will be newly built, with three of them planned regardless of the Games. In addition to satisfying all technical requirements, and with approval from all International Federations, the distribution of the venues in the three zones will maximise opportunities for post-Games use, benefiting the development of Olympic winter sports in and around Beijing and encouraging more people to participate. The three zones will be connected by a high-speed railway and a number of expressways. The high-speed railway will reduce the travel time between the Beijing and Zhangjiakou zones to 50 minutes (station to station). Within each zone, all the venues are linked by high-standard roads and convenient public transport, and are within five to 15 minutes of the Olympic Villages, to ensure the athletes’ easy participation in the competitions.VISION Based on strong recognition of the Olympic values as well as admiration for the spirit of reform reflected in Olympic Agenda 2020, Beijing has established the great vision of “Joyful Rendez-vous upon Pure Ice and Snow” for its Olympic project.Beijing 2022 will widely spread and practise the Olympic values, and encourage Left Snow view along Badaling Great Wall in Yanqing, one of three Games zones proposed for Beijing 2022Below Support for the Beijing 2022 Olympic projectOLYMPIC REVIEW 392022 CANDIDATE CITIES
300 million people in northern China to participate in winter sports, thus integrating sport into their daily life. Beijing 2022 will effectively enhance the competition skills of Chinese athletes and promote the balanced development of sports in China. The incomparable influence of the Olympic Winter Games will help the Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei region to become a new economic powerhouse of China as well as a model area of sustainable development in terms of population, resources and environment, thus benefiting the general public.The three main pillars of Beijing 2022’s concept are: - Running athlete-centred Games. As the ultimate priority, athletes will be provided with top-class services in areas such as training, competition, transport, accommodation, catering, medical care and cultural communications, thus ensuring they perform their best and achieve their dreams;- Ensuring sustainable development. With sustainable development as its core strategy, Beijing 2022 will be incorporated into the National Strategy of the Integrated and Coordinated Development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei as well as the long-term regional development plan, so that the Games showcase improvements in the urban ecological environment, economic growth and social progress, achieving positive interaction between the Olympic Movement and the region; and- Hosting economical Games. Beijing 2022 will adhere strictly to the policy of being Q&A What would it mean to your city to host the 2022 Olympic Winter Games and how specifically would the Games benefit your city/region?Hosting the 2022 Olympic Winter Games is a shared aspiration of the Chinese people who, in 2008, delivered a Òtruly exceptionalÓ Olympic Games to the world. Since then, passion for the Olympic values has lived in their hearts. Their powerful motivation to host the Olympic Winter Games is evidenced by the extremely high public support we have received since the very beginning of the bid – more than 94 per cent nationwide. So bringing the Olympic flame to Beijing in 2022 will boost China’s commitment to the Olympic values, and will expand their dissemination among a new generation of younger people. Bidding for and hosting the Games will ignite the development of winter sports which have gained increasing popularity across China in recent years. It will encourage 300 million Chinese people to participate in ice and snow sports creating a tremendous social legacy – a legacy that has the potential to directly enhance the overall fitness of Chinese society, and to create a healthy China.What would the athletes appreciate most about the Olympic Winter Games in your city?Our concept of Òrunning athlete-centred GamesÓ will ensure that athletes enjoy the best possible venues and services. With ensuring the best athlete experience as our top priority, Beijing 2022 will provide state-of-the-art sporting facilities for the athletes, which will enable them to perform their best, while also experiencing the enthusiasm of the people of China for winter sports and the unique festive atmosphere of the Spring Festival.What could Olympic fans look forward to experiencing at the Olympic Winter Games in your city?All Olympic fans will experience a ÒJoyful Rendez-vous upon Pure Ice and SnowÓ. Beijing 2022 will be joyful because the Games are truly a celebration of human spirit. They will be a rendez-vous because the Games will bring together not only the athletes of the world, but also the press and broadcasters, the Olympic family, and spectators from China and abroad – both live and via the media. And all of them will delight in the performances of the athletes – on pure ice and snow. All cultural events, ceremonies, city activities and live sites, torch relay, educational programmes and sport will blend Chinese cultural features with the Olympic values, creating a joyful ambience and inclusive opportunities for all people to enjoy the Games festivities. During the Games, we will stage entertaining and culturally rich City Activities and Live Sites, which will touch the entire society and provide a colourful scene for interaction and communication among Chinese people and foreign visitors. The unique Great Wall culture, Spring Festival culture and the Olympic culture will be thoroughly integrated to strongly engage all people in a glorious celebration.How could hosting the Olympic Winter Games benefit your city?In addition to the benefits mentioned above, hosting the 2022 Olympic Winter Games will drive the region’s sustainable development. Fitting perfectly with the long-term national strategy for integrated development of the region, Beijing 2022 will boost the region’s economic and social development, and have a widespread positive effect on the lives of the people. It will enhance the level of urban construction management and expedite the development of urban infrastructure, thus making the city more liveable. It will greatly advance the region’s infrastructure and significantly improve the environment. And it will leave a remarkable sports legacy: more sport venues for competition and leisure, more experienced officials and volunteers, and our youth will be inspired to participate in sport by the amazing feats of Olympians and Paralympians.WANG ANSHUN MAYOR OF BEIJING40 OLYMPIC REVIEW 2022 CANDIDATE CITIES
meticulous, prudent and feasible in budgeting, raising funds primarily through the robust Chinese market, and strictly controlling the operational and capital costs. Among the 12 competition and non- competition venues in the Beijing zone, 11 are legacies from Beijing 2008. All newly built venues will satisfy the requirements of the Games and be temporary structures or a combination of temporary and permanent facilities. They all have well-developed post- Games use plans.LEGACY & SUSTAINABILITYAt the inception of the bid for Beijing 2022, planning was conducted with the aim of creating Olympic legacies through sustainable projects.Beijing 2022 will endeavour to improve the environment and promote progress in sport, society, the region and the economy. It will create both tangible and intangible legacies, including newly built venues, upgraded transport infrastructure, sports and tourism development, and an increase in the number of participants in sport, thus enhancing the pride and confidence of the people, promoting healthy lifestyles and strengthening environmental awareness.Beijing 2022 will formulate the best management plan to incorporate sustainability into the entire preparation process for the Games, with detailed risk and opportunity analyses conducted. ■Below: Map of the proposed Olympic projectBeijing 2022 Venue and Transport PlanOlympic InfrastructureSports VenuesOlympic VillageIOC HotelMain Hotel AreaMedia Hotel ClusterMain Press Centre (MPC)International Broadcasting Centre (IBC)Mountain Media Centre (MMC)Medals PlazaTransport InfrastructureBeijing's new international airportExpresswayHigh-speed Railway Station Main Local RoadHigh-speed RailwayExpressway (Olympic Lane in Both Traffic Directions)Main Local Road (Olympic Lane in Both Trafc Directions)Beijing Capital International AirportNingyuan AirportExisting Infrastructure. No Permanent Works Required.Existing Infrastructure. Permanent Works Required.Planned Permanent InfrastructureAdditional Permanent InfrastructureTemporary InfrastructureOpening / Closing Ceremony VenueCapital Short Track Speed Skating HallCapital Indoor Stadium Training HallCapital Skating OvalSpeed SkatingAlpine SkiingShort TrackMogulsSkeletonBobsleighFigure SkatingCurlingIce HockeyLugeAerialsSki HalfpipeBiathlonSki SlopestyleCross Country SkiingSnowboard HalfpipeSnowboard CrossSnowboard Parallel Slalom / Giant SlalomSki CrossSnowboard SlopestyleSki JumpingNordic CombinedOLYMPIC REVIEW 412022 CANDIDATE CITIES

ÔTHIS PATRIMONY IS AN EXTRAORDINARY RECORD OF THE STRENGTH AND DURABILITY OF THE OLYMPIC MOVEMENTÕ IOC HONORARY PRESIDENT JACQUES ROGGEPicturedJapan’s Shuhei Nishida wins silver in the men’s pole vault, Los Angeles 1932As the International Olympic Committee looked towards the future at the start of this millennium, an integral part of its past was in danger of disappearing. Following the election of Jacques Rogge as IOC President in 2001, the IOC administration identified the need to preserve its audio-visual and photographic collection. Made up of countless hours of film, video and sound recordings, as well as hundreds of thousands of photos dating back to the first modern Olympic Games in Athens in 1896, this patrimony was a precious record of more than a century of Olympic history. Everywhere you looked lay another treasure – be it an inspirational photo of an athlete winning gold, iconic footage from an opening ceremony, or a President’s speech from an IOC Session.Determined to share its heritage with future generations, the IOC resolved to restore its historical archives and bring them into the 21st century – and so the IOC Patrimonial Assets ManagementHIDDEN TREASURESTHE IOC’S PATRIMONIAL ASSETS MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME HAS HELPED SAFEGUARD ITS RICH LEGACY BY PRESERVING THE ORGANISATION’S HISTORICAL ARCHIVES AND BRINGING THEM INTO THE 21ST CENTURY. HERE, JOHN MURRAY REVEALS EXCLUSIVE DETAILS ABOUT THE AMBITIOUS RESTORATION AND DIGITISATION PROGRAMME AND CELEBRATES ITS SUCCESSOLYMPIC REVIEW 43HIDDEN TREASURES
programme was born. Known as PAM, the project was launched in 2007 by now IOC Honorary President Rogge.ÒI decided to launch the Patrimonial Assets programme to preserve [the archives] and ensure that others in the future could enjoy it too,Ó he said. ÒThis patrimony is an extraordinary record of the strength and durability of the Olympic Movement, the Games and their universality. As well as remembering fantastic sports achievements, itÕs also an extraordinary way for young and old alike to relive powerful emotions experienced by spectators or television viewers.ÓNo one was under any illusions about Nicholas Crofts, PAM Database Administrator, added: ÒWe had an enormous collection of objects Ð over a million Ð and it was often difficult to sort everything out. It was like a flea market Ð you could easily spend a weekend looking for something interesting, which you were sure was there, but was difficult to find.Ó Above The start of the menÕs 1,500m, Amsterdam 1928the enormity of the task that lay ahead. In numbers alone, it was a hugely daunting challenge: 500,000 photographs, 2,000 hours of film, 33,000 hours of videos and 8,500 hours of sound recordings all needed to be restored. A team of up to 40 specialist staff and researchers was recruited to work on the programme.ÒBringing such a programme to fruition requires great commitment, which is only possible if you have a passion for the Olympic Games or for the values represented by Olympism,Ó explained Philippe Laurens, Head of the IOC PAM programme. ÒThe first year alone was devoted entirely to preparation.ÓÔWE HAD AN ENORMOUS COLLECTION OF OBJECTS Ð OVER A MILLION Ð AND IT WAS OFTEN DIFFICULT TO SORT EVERYTHING OUTÕNICHOLAS CROFTS, PAM DATABASE ADMINISTRATOR 44 OLYMPIC REVIEW
Right The PAM team restored between 40 and 125 images per dayWhen the restoration itself got underway, it was a painstaking task, with each artefact requiring the utmost care and attention. The image archives were made up of anything from a slide, negative or postcard to an amateur photo or picture from an album. Every day, 40 to 125 photos were processed, with each one scanned, digitally cleaned and then colour corrected. There was a wide range of quality among the images, and special service providers were called in to handle those that had suffered the most damage. It was a similar story for video and film. Having lost the capacity to read its videos, the IOC wanted to digitise the entire collection. On average, the team restored 15 to 20 recordings per day, with the time required to repair a video ranging from 10 minutes to two days. A quarter of the collection Ð films that were designated the most valuable Ð were digitised on film for long-term conservation in the USA. The remainder were cleaned, conditioned and conserved in the Swiss film archive.Once restoration of an item was complete, that did not mean the job was finished. Every piece of the patrimony had to be documented and added to an ever-growing inventory. ÒMy work in the framework of the PAM programme consisted of organising the cataloguing and indexing of all the photo and audiovisual archives selected,Ó said Senior Project Manager Sabine Neumann. ÒWe had up to 30 people within the documentalist team.Ó In parallel, IOC IT project managers and IT partners had to set up a fully integrated Digital Assets Management solution Ð firstly, the database to manage the photo and audiovisual files and then databases to manage artefacts and historical document collections.Using a knowledge base containing Olympic terminology, the documentalists would provide a descriptive record for each image and video. To provide more accessibility, videos were segmented, while key words were used to describe the event, the people featured and their actions. After each file had received legal clearance, with or without copyright, it was uploaded to The Olympic Multimedia Library (TOML) extranet, the web gallery that can be accessed by IOC Partners, rights-holders and members of the Olympic Movement. HIDDEN TREASURESOLYMPIC REVIEW 45DIGITISATIONin numbers40official films8,500hours of sound recordings20,000artefacts500,000photographs31USD million cost2007Ð14timespan of work2,000hours of film
Above Mexico v Poland, men’s basketball, Mexico City 1968Left Images of the Maisonneuve Sports Centre in Montreal – before and after restorationRight Restored images are uploaded to The Olympic Multimedia LibraryNow, more than one century of Olympic history is available online and some great moments – some of the images and recordings had not been viewed or listened to since they were deposited in the archives – have resurfaced after decades in vaults. With such an enormous undertaking, there were inevitably a few bumps on the journey. Most concerning of all was the burst water pipe at the IOC’s Lausanne headquarters in 2012, resulting in a flood in the basement where many archives resided. Fortunately, the digital archives’ back-up tapes had been stored in a safe and were undamaged.At the end of 2014 – after seven years, 100,000 hours’ work and a total cost of USD 31 million – the PAM programme was completed. It was an extraordinary achievement – one that both preserved the past and, as IOC Honorary President Rogge said, would be used as an important tool for the future.“Reflecting the permanent nature of the Games, the Olympic patrimony helps to ensure the renown of the Olympic brand. In today’s digital age, it is vital to have a digital version of this patrimony if we wish to promote Olympism around the world, and especially among young people.”In addition, for the athletes who have competed in the Olympic Games, those memories can now live forever. “We have preserved the history of all those who have made the Games a major international event,” added Rogge. “Like every athlete lucky enough to take part in the Olympic Games, I’ve been able to take a look at some very personal moments, like the Opening Ceremony of the 1968 Games in Mexico City where I was marching with the Belgian team.”Having learned the lessons from the past, the IOC now recognises the need to update its archive constantly, particularly at a time when images can be shared at the click of a button through social media and digital technology.According to IOC President Thomas Bach, this means that the IOC must be at the forefront of future technological advances. “We have to realise we are living in a world that is changing faster than ever,” he said. “We have to address the new challenges that we see coming up on the horizon. We have to be proactive if we want to safeguard not only our archive, but also the Olympic realms and role of sport in society for the future. If we look at the world around us, we can see that images are becoming more and more the language of today. If we really want to connect with BEFOREAFTERÔWE HAVE TO BE PROACTIVE IF WE WANT TO SAFEGUARD NOT ONLY OUR ARCHIVE, BUT ALSO THE OLYMPIC REALMS AND ROLE OF SPORT IN SOCIETY FOR THE FUTUREÕIOC PRESIDENT THOMAS BACHHIDDEN TREASURES46 OLYMPIC REVIEW

Above The start of the menÕs track cycling race, London 1908Left The Athens 2004 archive at the International Olympic Academy in Ancient OlympiaATHENS ALIVE AGAINthe young generation of spectators, the future generation of athletes, then we must work with these images and place these images at the service of these people worldwide and ensure they are inspired by these images.ÓFor Laurens, the restoration of the IOCÕs archives is merely the beginning of the process. ÒAdding images to the Olympic patrimony, particularly during the Games, is an ongoing project, and one that is increasing greatly with new content of 3,500 hours of video and 40,000 photos for a Summer Games,Ó he explained. ÒThis is a new challenge that must be dealt with while itÕs hot Ð during and as soon as possible after the event. Our challenge consists of simultaneously managing the long-term constraint of conservation of the Olympic patrimony with the need for increasingly rapid availability, while keeping the same quality of assets and the reliability of facts and information.ÓThe PAM programme may be finished, but the IOCÕs commitment to its patrimony remains very much an ongoing process. ■More than a decade on from Athens 2004, the golden moments and memories of the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad can be enjoyed once again. Situated in the International Olympic Academy in Ancient Olympia, the Historical Archive of Athens 2004 showcases a rich collection of material, including print, audiovisual and digital material, as well as original objects from the Games.Established in 2013, the creation of the archive was funded by the IOC in a project initiated by IOC Honorary President Jacques Rogge. Over the subsequent 14 months, a team of experienced former staff members from the Athens 2004 Organising Committee went through a laborious selection process to choose the material. Covering the period from the initial bidding process to the end of the Games, they sifted through countless publications, documents, photos, artefacts and audiovisual items. The overall aim of the project was to preserve the material and make it accessible to guests and future generations. Where necessary, the chosen material was digitised, before being stored in electronic and physical formats.In 2014, work on the project was completed and the archive is now on display in the International Olympic AcademyÕs Otto Szymiczek Conference Hall, which has an exhibition area and a separate study area for viewing the digitised material. In all, more than 250 authentic objects and symbols are exhibited, including the Olympic Torch, medals, volunteer uniforms, licensed products and images from the opening and closing ceremonies. In the study area, guests can access a staggering 345,000 digital records in the electronic content management system, while there is also a library of 2,000 publications and brochures.All together, the archive comprises a wonderful legacy from the Games, which can be studied, researched and savoured for years to come. ■HIDDEN TREASURES48 OLYMPIC REVIEW

MOMENTS IN TIMEA TOTAL OF 500,000 PHOTOGRAPHS WERE RESTORED DURING THE IOC PATRIMONIAL ASSETS MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME. OLYMPIC REVIEW HAS DELVED INTO THE ARCHIVES AND PICKED OUT A SELECTION OF MEMORABLE IMAGES THAT APPEAR ON THE FOLLOWING PAGES50 OLYMPIC REVIEW PIC REVIEW HIDDEN TREASURES
OLYMPIC REVIEW 51 Clockwise from left Japanese athletes, Garmisch-Partenkirchen 1936; Japan’s Hideki Takada lights the Olympic cauldron, Sapporo 1972; four-man bobsleigh, Garmisch-Partenkirchen 1936; Finland’s Paavo Nurmi wins the men’s 1,500m, Paris 1924

OLYMPIC REVIEW 53 Clockwise from left Opening Ceremony, Mexico City 1968; womenÕs 10m platform diving, Los Angeles 1932; menÕs 10,000m speed skating, St Moritz 1928HIDDEN TREASURES
Clockwise from right Men’s horizontal bar, Los Angeles 1932; Turkey’s Alpine skiing team, Garmisch-Partenkirchen 1936; men’s K1 1,000m canoe sprint, Mexico City 1968; Czechoslovakia’s Vera Cáslavská competes on the balance beam, Mexico City 196854 OLYMPIC REVIEW HIDDEN TREASURES

Clockwise from below left East Germany’s Christine Phillip competes in the women’s cross-country skiing, Sapporo 1972; Nina Merkulova from the Soviet Union takes to the air in the women’s downhill, Sapporo 1972; the semi-final of the men’s 200m, Los Angeles 1932; men’s wrestling, Tokyo 1964HIDDEN TREASURES56 OLYMPIC REVIEW

Above left Behind the Screen takes visitors on a journey through the history of Olympic broadcastingAbove right The exhibition reconstructs part of the International Broadcast Centre from London 2012 WATCH, LISTEN, LEARNA NEW INTERACTIVE EXHIBITION AT THE OLYMPIC MUSEUM IN LAUSANNE PROVIDES THE PERFECT PLATFORM TO SHOWCASE THE IOCÕS EXTENSIVE PHOTOGRAPHIC AND AUDIOVISUAL HERITAGE, EDUCATING VISITORS ABOUT THE HISTORY OF BROADCASTING AND THE ROLE OF THE MEDIA AT THE OLYMPIC GAMESSuch is the extent of the IOCÕs patrimony that the restored archives from the Patrimonial Assets Management (PAM) programme make up only a small part of its entire collection. And thanks to a new temporary exhibition, some of the IOCÕs audiovisual and photographic treasures are now on show at the Olympic Museum in Lausanne.Launched by the Olympic Museum Foundation on 17 February as the climax of a two-day event exploring a century of Olympic sport and culture, The Olympic Games: Behind the Screen takes its audience on a broadcasting journey through the history of the Games. It also looks at how the Games may be experienced in years to come.ÒThere have been so many contributors to the field of broadcasting that there were so many possibilities for us,Ó explained Jim Owens, the exhibitionÕs Scientific Commissioner, who is Communications Professor and the Dean of the School of Communication Arts at Asbury University, USA. ÒThere is such a demand and interest in the broadcasting of the Games that we wanted people to understand a little of what goes on behind the scenes. At the London 2012 Olympic Games, for example, we had 6,000 employees operating 1,000 cameras and 4,000 microphones scattered around all the venues. ItÕs a huge undertaking.ÓDivided into three parts, the exhibition begins with the platform through which the Games were first broadcast Ð radio. Visitors are invited to listen to a series of sound clips from athletes and broadcasters before switching focus to the birth of Olympic television coverage. Through images, the exhibition illustrates the different ways the Games have been shown on television as technology has developed over the years.ÒWe had a great response from the broadcasters,Ó Owens said. ÒCompanies went back into their archives and pulled audio from their radio stations. ItÕs amazing how many countries have made a contribution to the Olympic Games.ÓThe centrepiece of the exhibition focuses on one single hour Ð between 3pm and 4pm on 29 July 2012. If you were in London that day, the chances are you were watching an Olympic sport. During that hour, 33 different Olympic events were held, at 18 different venues. The exhibition features actual broadcasting equipment that was used during the Games and goes behind the scenes for the first time to look at how various sports were broadcast Ð from the field of play to the International Broadcast Centre in LondonÕs Olympic Park and, ultimately, to broadcasters across the globe. ÒThat hour was chosen because so many events were happening at the same time that it really showed the impact and what happens during a sports broadcast,Ó Owens said.What could happen during a future sports broadcast is the focus of the final section of the exhibition. The audience is given a taste of how they may watch sport in the future, for example through a 360-degree camera, developed by the ƒcole Polytechnique FŽdŽrale de Lausanne (EPFL), allowing them to choose their own view of the action.The Olympic Games: Behind the Screen exhibition at the Olympic Museum in Lausanne runs until 26 January 2016.EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES IN THE STUDIO Did you know that the Olympic Museum now features an educational area for schools and young people called The Studio? Through a range of activities that put the emphasis on role play and creativity, children are encouraged to delve into the extensive photographic and audiovisual heritage of the Olympic Games.Looking for an adventure? The Olympic Games: Behind the Screen begins with the exhibition of the same name, which focuses on London 2012. Children will discover how sounds and images from the Olympic Games are recorded for posterity, and can explore the resources and equipment used to share the excitement of the occasion with TV viewers. The visit continues with a multimedia workshop at The Studio. Taking on the role of a film crew at the Olympic Games, youngsters become directors and producers and edit videos to create new content. It is an opportunity for them to tell a story using media other than words.¥ Available until 26 January 2016¥ Teacher-led, unguided visit with the aid of an interactive tablet¥ Teaching pack, activity sheets and interactive documentary can be downloaded from the MuseumÕs website: www.olympic.org/pedagogie¥ Further information: edu.museum@olympic.org or 0041 (0)21 621 66 85 ■HIDDEN TREASURES58 OLYMPIC REVIEW

LONDON 2012 OLYMPIC GOLD MEDALLIST JAROSLAV KULHAVÝ IS DETERMINED TO DEFEND HIS MOUNTAIN BIKING CROSS-COUNTRY TITLE IN RIO IN 2016. HERE, THE 30-YEAR-OLD CZECH RIDER DISCUSSES HIS PASSION FOR THE SPORT AND THE KEYS TO HIS SUCCESS60 OLYMPIC REVIEW JAROSLAV KULHAVYROAD TO RIOMy bike has a unique air-sprung system called a ‘brain’ which determines when and how the front fork and shock absorbers perform. In short, the system is able to evaluate when to operate and, as a result, it saves a lot of a biker’s energy and enhances performance. I have won all my titles on this bike.”Training during the off-season is more about endurance. My favourite winter training locations are Mallorca and the Canary Islands. Mallorca is a paradise for cyclists with a nearly endless choice of tracks and a very good climate. All winter, there is a large group of cyclists, so I can always find someone to ride and train with. The Canary Islands are more demanding because of the many hills and limited flat areas. Both destinations are easily accessible from Europe.”
OLYMPIC REVIEW 61Over the winter months, I have a period where I can afford to eat anything I want, unlike during the competitive season. I enjoy eating classic Czech meals, some sweets, and sometimes I will go for a beer. During the season, my diet is mostly pasta, rice, potatoes, vegetables, quality meat and other proteins.ÓI donÕt have too much free time away from mountain biking. There are many things I would like to do that I have no time for during the season Ð for example, I am still finishing some things at my new house. I am definitely not bored.ÓWinning the 2014 UCI Mountain Bike Marathon World Championships in South Africa was one of the biggest goals that I wanted to achieve. It was the last major title I was missing so I really appreciated that victory.ÓROAD TO RIOThe best part about mountain biking is having the freedom to move in nature, without any disturbances, where the only limit is your own capacity. I always find it relaxing to get out on the bike and clear my mind.ÓThe entire day of the Olympic race in London in 2012 was amazing. I think it was the best day of my career. I canÕt fully describe the feeling. I was entirely focused on this one day all year long and, finally, everything came together exactly as I wanted.ÓRio 2016 already seems very close and IÕve been planning how best to prepare for the Olympic Games once again. IÕm ready to train at 100 per cent and do everything possible to defend the gold medal. Having already fulfilled my dream of gold, the pressure on me wonÕt be as huge this time. On the other hand, as IÕm the Olympic champion, everyone will be watching me and observing my every step before the race.Ó
62 OLYMPIC REVIEW WU MINXIACHINAÕS WU MINXIA BECAME THE FIRST WOMAN TO WIN AN OLYMPIC DIVING TITLE AT THREE SUCCESSIVE GAMES WHEN SHE WON HER THIRD 3M SYNCHRO GOLD MEDAL IN LONDON IN 2012. NOW, THE 29-YEAR-OLD IS AIMING FOR MORE RECORDS IN RIOROAD TO RIOCompeting at my first Olympic Games in Athens in 2004 was the realisation of a dream for me. I was quite nervous because there were so many athletes from all over the world, but I was also very excited. I was only 18, but I was competing in the synchro alongside Guo Jingjing, who was more mature and more experienced than me. That made me feel a lot more at ease and helped me perform to my best.”In London in 2012, I was far more experienced than at my previous Games and I was better able to handle all the pressure. I competed in the synchro with a new partner [He Zi] but this time I was the more experienced and mature one, so I felt like the team leader.”Winning the 3m individual gold in London [following silver and bronze in Athens and Beijing] felt like a reward for all my previous years of effort. I felt like I was finally recognised by everyone for what I had achieved.”
ROAD TO RIODiving is a very demanding sport. If you want to be successful, you must first have a goal that you want to achieve. Secondly, you must never give up. If you have more perseverance than the others, you can keep going until the end and achieve whatever you want.ÓDiving looks scarier than it actually is; the key is to start with the basics and then gradually work your way up to more difficult dives or higher boards. Each athlete should only choose the difficulty that suits him or her, and then it wonÕt be scary.ÓTraining is so important for diving, especially when youÕre young. Diving is a very skilful sport, so when youÕre young you need to learn the very specific manoeuvres through training. But when you grow up you need to use your brain more and think about your training because as you get older, it can take you longer to recover and can be more difficult to do the things that you used to be able to do.ÓBeing able to compete in front of Chinese fans at the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games was a once-in-a-lifetime experience. We knew the atmosphere in the venue would be on a different level to anything we had experienced before Ð even when I was diving I could hear people cheering for me Ð but we were able to prepare for that by simulating the noise of the crowd during our training.ÓCompeting at the Olympic Games is a very special experience Ð they are unlike any other event. The atmosphere and the feelings you get when you are competing are totally different.Ó OLYMPIC REVIEW 63
64 OLYMPIC REVIEW JAVIER GîMEZAFTER CLAIMING OLYMPIC SILVER IN LONDON IN 2012, SPAINÕS FOUR-TIME TRIATHLON WORLD CHAMPION JAVIER GîMEZ WILL BE LOOKING TO GO ONE STEP FURTHER IN RIO NEXT YEARROAD TO RIOThe first Olympic Games I watched were in Barcelona in 1992. Back then, I was a swimmer so I remember closely following the swimming events, as well as other sports such as athletics. Ever since then I wanted to be an Olympian.ÓOne of my sporting heroes when I was younger was Alexander Popov, the Olympic and world champion and former world record holder for the 50m and 100m freestyle. I looked up to him because he had a really good swimming technique and I wanted to be able to swim as fast as he could.Ó
OLYMPIC REVIEW 65ROAD TO RIOMy favourite thing about triathlon is that I can do three sports in one. It means I’m not always training for one sport, which makes it more of a challenge. Most of the time, if you’re feeling good in the water, then you won’t be feeling so good when you’re running, or the other way around. So, you always have to work at being good at all three disciplines.”Right from the beginning, I knew that I was good at triathlon and could do well, but you never know how good you can be. I never dreamed of being a world champion, as it seemed so far away at the time. But as I began to do better and better, and win bigger and bigger races, I realised that it was something I could achieve. The first time I was world champion, as an under-23 in 2003, was a huge moment.”I completed my first triathlon at age 15. It was just a local race after the swimming season had finished, and it was a chance to do something different and try a new sport – a new experience. It was pretty tough, as it was over the Olympic distance, but I found I really liked the sport and I knew it suited me pretty well.”I usually train three times a day. The first session is normally swimming, where I cover distances of 4km to 6km. That’s followed by a bike session of two to two-and-a-half hours. After lunch and a nap, I do the running session, which is between 15km and 20km. Every day is different, though, so sometimes we’ll include track sessions or gym workouts – it depends on the time of the year.”My ambition is always to get better and after winning the silver medal in London, the only way to get better in Rio is to win the gold. I know it’s going to be very tough – my rivals are going to get better as well and it’s going to be a very competitive race, but I believe in myself and I believe that I have a chance to fight for the gold medal. That’s what I’m training for, so hopefully the next year or so will go well and I will be ready when I get to the start line at the Games, because I would really like to win that gold.”I prepare mentally for each race differently. All of them are important, but if you have a big race, or a big goal, then you have to be more focused and think about it more. For the big races, you want to be well rested, so you can use all of your energy and perform at your best for the next one hour and 45 minutes. I don’t do anything special before the big races; I just try to be relaxed, think about the race and plan my strategy.”I don’t have a very strict diet; I just try to eat healthily. We’re training at least three times a day, so burn a lot of calories. I have reduced the gluten in my diet, and I feel better because of that – I digest food better and I feel a bit stronger. Other than that, I try to eat vegetables and good meat or good fish.”
OLYMPIC SOLIDARITYGOLDEN CHANCEOLYMPIC REVIEW FINDS OUT HOW THE OLYMPIC SOLIDARITY PROGRAMME IS HELPING TWO ATHLETES IN THEIR ATTEMPTS TO QUALIFY FOR RIO IN 201666 OLYMPIC REVIEW
INTERVIEWWhat would it mean to you to swim for Grenada at Rio 2016?Representing Grenada at the Olympic Games would be unbelievable and a humbling and proud moment. Being able to wear those bright colours and represent my country is a feeling that I wouldn’t want to give up that easily. How will the Olympic Solidarity grant help you?The Olympic Solidarity grant will assist me in qualifying for the Rio 2016 Olympic Games and the prerequisite qualifying competitions. It will be used to fund travel to competitions, and to purchase necessities that will be of value to my development and improvement.What does the funding mean for your training?This programme will allow me to train outside of Grenada, which will be very beneficial as I will get to train in a high-performance 50m pool.Did you always want to be a swimmer?The truth is I’ve been swimming for as long as I can remember. I have competed in other sports but not to the same level as swimming. In school I participated in athletics, cross-country, tennis and table tennis, and then I played football with a club for some time and did a little sailing. But with the time that I put into swimming there was no real time to practise or train for those other sports.Who is your swimming hero and why?My swimming hero is Cameron van der Burgh from South Africa because he swims Pictured Corey Ollivierre is hoping to swim for Grenada at the Rio 2016 Olympic Games COREY OLLIVIERREGRENADIAN SWIMMER COREY OLLIVIERRE IS DRAWING INSPIRATION FROM THE PERFORMANCES OF COUNTRYMAN KIRANI JAMES AND OTHERS AS HE BIDS TO QUALIFY FOR THE RIO 2016 OLYMPIC GAMESin the same events as I do. I also admire his determination to progress from being “an almost won the race”-type swimmer to becoming a world champion, Olympic champion and world record holder.Do you draw inspiration from your Grenadian team-mates such as 400m runner Kirani James?Being able to attend the Commonwealth Games as an actual team-mate of [athletes] Kirani James, Kurt Felix and Rondell Bartholomew was an experience that I will never forget. To see the way they represent our country at such a level is an inspiration for me, despite the fact that I compete in a different sport. Seeing what Kirani has been able to achieve as a fellow Grenadian really inspires me to work hard and aspire to fulfil my dreams. You competed in butterfly, freestyle and breaststroke events at the 2014 World Swimming Championships. What is your best stroke?My best stroke is breaststroke. I like the other strokes, but sadly I don’t reach the same level of performance. I put work in to all the strokes, but not quite as much as breaststroke because early on it was recognised that this was the stroke for me. Since then, as my dad says, breaststroke has been “my bread and butter” – and I love bread and butter! Will you concentrate purely on breaststroke in the future?I would like to enhance the level of my performance in certain other events, namely the 50m freestyle and the 50m butterfly. I specialise in breaststroke and I’m a sprinter. I am almost certain that I will always be a breaststroker.OLYMPIC REVIEW 67OLYMPIC SOLIDARITY
INTERVIEWHow did you get started in canoeing?Both my brother and I were introduced to canoeing by our father, who would sit us in his lap and take us up and down the river Soca. My older brother started properly training in canoeing first and, as a younger sister, I did whatever he did, so I decided to take up canoeing as well. My parents enrolled me in a kayak school when I was 7 years old Ð I made new friends and we all had fun because kayaking offered us lots of different challenges.When did you realise that you had the talent to compete at the elite level?Even though I viewed canoeing more or less as a fun activity, I was winning consistently even at a young age. The first real confirmation for me came when I was 16 years old, when I became world junior champion. At that time, I also started to compete at senior level, and was able to improve my ranking every year. Since 2011, I have also qualified for the finals of all the major senior competitions.EVA TERCELJAFTER FINISHING 13TH IN THE K1 CANOE SLALOM EVENT AT THE LONDON 2012 OLYMPIC GAMES, SLOVENIAÕS EVA TERCELJ HOPES HER OLYMPIC SOLIDARITY SCHOLARSHIP WILL HELP HER CHALLENGE FOR MEDALS IN RIO NEXT YEARWhat is your favourite thing about canoe slalom?I like the fact that canoe slalom takes place outdoors, where natureÕs rules prevail and you can be free. You can simply take your canoe and paddle wherever you want. What is the most challenging aspect of your event?The fact that the conditions are always changing Ð the course is never the same and the water constantly changes, meaning that you have to observe it closely and draw upon your experience. Canoeing is an unpredictable sport and I like that.What achievements are you most proud of?I would highlight my world junior title, which was my first major result, my World Cup race victory in 2013, and competing at the Olympic Games, which is the dream of every athlete. What are your memories of the Olympic Games when you were younger?The Athens 2004 Olympic Games were the first that I followed. I found them fascinating since the Games originated in Greece and returned there after so many years. All the athletes amazed me with their performances and I never thought that one day I would be part of such a competition.What was it like to make your Olympic debut in London?Competing at the London 2012 Olympic Games was an experience that I will remember forever. The atmosphere is one you cannot experience anywhere else. What would it mean to you to compete at the Rio 2016 Olympic Games?I really hope to compete at the upcoming Olympic Games in Rio. Although some of my dreams came true when I competed at the Games in London, I want to improve my result and aim as high as I can.What are your targets for the future?My aim is to improve the quality of my paddling, be faster and achieve greater consistency, as I want to be able to perform my best runs at the major competitions. The World Championships [in London in September] are my main goal this year. How has your Olympic Solidarity Scholarship helped you?I am grateful that the IOC recognised my potential and provided me with an Olympic Solidarity Scholarship. IÕve been able to use that financial assistance to provide better training conditions for myself, which is something that I cherish. With that assistance, I can train both better and harder.Below Eva Tercelj enjoys better training opportunities thanks to her Olympic Solidarity ScholarshipOLYMPIC SOLIDARITY68 OLYMPIC REVIEW

FLASHBACK:SYDNEY 2000IN 2000, SYDNEY SET A HIGH BENCHMARK FOR ALL FUTURE GAMES BY HOSTING WHAT THEN IOC PRESIDENT JUAN ANTONIO SAMARANCH DESCRIBED AS “THE BEST OLYMPIC GAMES EVER”
THE GAMES IN NUMBERS15 – 110,651199NOCs300EVENTSSEPTEMBER OCTOBER6,582 MEN4,069WOMENATHLETES:Australian designers Woljciech Pietranik and Brian Thompson combined images of the Olympic torch and rings with the Sydney Opera House for one side of the medal, while the other featured the traditional symbols of the Ancient Greek goddess of victory holding a winnerÕs crown.MEDALSMascot duties were shared between Olly the kookaburra, Syd the platypus and Millie the echidna. Olly symbolised the significance of friendship at the Olympic Games, Syd the dynamism of the cityÕs inhabitants, and Millie the optimism of the Australian people for the new millennium. The designers were Matthew Hattan and Jozef Szekeres.MASCOTSdiftPicturedAthletes compete in the first ever Olympic menÕs triathlon in front of the Sydney Opera House and Sydney Harbour BridgeOLYMPIC REVIEW 71OLYMPIC FLASHBACK
FIVE IN A ROW British athlete Steve Redgrave rowed into Olympic folklore with his achievements in Sydney, winning his fifth Olympic gold medal in a tense men’s four final (below). Leading for much of the race, Redgrave and his team-mates held off a late challenge from Italy to claim victory by the tightest of margins. In doing so, Redgrave became the first and only Briton to win gold at five separate Olympic Games.MEMORABLE MOMENTSPHOTO FINISHThe final of the men’s 10,000m (right)provided not only one of the most dramatic moments of the Games, but also one of the greatest races in Olympic history. Reigning gold medallist Haile Gebrselassie trailed Kenyan Paul Tergat as the pair entered the home straight on the final lap. With the finishing line inching closer, the Ethiopian edged in front of his rival to claim victory by just 0.09 seconds and become just the third athlete to retain an Olympic 10,000m title.MEMORABLE MOMENTSMEMORABLE MOMENTSLIGHTING THE CAULDRONAustralian sprinter Cathy Freeman provided a stunning climax to the Opening Ceremony when she was given the honour of lighting the Olympic cauldron (right). The choice of Freeman was highly significant for Australia, with this emotional moment symbolising the country’s desire to reconcile with its indigenous population. Ten days later, Freeman’s victory in the 400m final in front of an ecstatic home crowd was one of the highlights of the Games.Triathlon and taekwondo made their debuts as Olympic sports in Sydney, while women competed in weightlifting and modern pentathlon for the first time.DID YOU KNOW?72 OLYMPIC REVIEW
The Games were central to plans to reinvigorate Sydney and provided a catalyst for modernisation across the city. In addition to the Olympic Park, which still hosts concerts and international sporting events, the city received significant infrastructure upgrades with investments made in public transport, roads and hotels in preparation for the Games. Sydney 2000 also left an environmental legacy, with the building of the water-recycling scheme at the Olympic Park and the solar-powered Olympic Village. OLYMPIC LEGACYWHAT THEY SAID“These Games will go down as being one of the most successful events on the world stage... Congratulations, Australia. You did it. From start to fi nish, it’s been wonderful.” Bill Bryson, The Times (UK)MEMORABLE MOMENTSUNITED KOREAThe Olympic teams of the Democratic PeopleÕs Republic of Korea and the Republic of Korea put their countriesÕ differences to one side for the Opening Ceremony, entering the stadium together under one flag for the first time. With a blue silhouette of the Korean peninsula on a white background, the flag represented an easing of tensions between the nations, and the shared aspirations of the two teams, who competed separately in the Games.Sydney 2000 marked a century of women’s participation in the Olympic Games. Some of Australia’s finest female athletes carried the Olympic torch at the Opening Ceremony, including Betty Cuthbert, Dawn Fraser, Shirley Strickland, Shane Gould, Debbie Flintoff-King and final torchbearer Cathy Freeman.DID YOU KNOW?OLYMPIC REVIEW 73OLYMPIC FLASHBACK
INTERVIEW: BRIAN PINELLIMY GAMES JANICA KOSTELICAT THE AGE OF 20, CROATIAÕS JANICA KOSTELIC MADE HISTORY AS SHE WON THREE GOLD MEDALS AND A SILVER DURING THE 2002 OLYMPIC WINTER GAMES IN SALT LAKE CITY, BEFORE ADDING A GOLD AND SILVER AT THE 2006 WINTER GAMES IN TURINMy first Olympic Winter Games in Nagano in 1998 were a great experience. Japan was such a different country and culture from what I had experienced in my life up until then. Usually, I went to events with my brother and dad, but in Nagano I was by myself. They both got injured before the Games and there was no way they could go, not even on crutches. I had a great coach, Marko Bošnjak, with me though, so it all went great Ð at least from my point of view.Since I was coming back from an injury and my World Cup season before the Salt Lake City Games hadnÕt been great, I canÕt say I expected much in 2002. This brought me to the conclusion that happiness lies in low expectations. My first event was the Alpine Combined. Before my slalom run, Martina Ertl (Germany) was starting in front of me. As I watched her from the start house I thought, ÒThat girl is flying. There is no way I can ski that well or that quickly Ð or can I?Ó Then I got the green light from the starter Ð it was actually the first and somehow only time in my life that I had felt nervous. Usually, I didnÕt feel any pressure to do well. I just went with the flow Ð what will be, will be Ð and this time it was a gold medal.The giant slalom was my last race. I was emotionally empty and didnÕt feel like racing. I remember standing at the top and telling my serviceman that I didnÕt want to start and just felt like going home. I was asking him how it would look if I just went back out of the start house. He hit me on the shoulder and answered something like, ÒShut up and go, you have to startÓ.As I put my poles out of the starting gate and the last 10 seconds were counting down, I thought, ÒI guess I really have to go now, since I am already hereÓ. I won my third gold and fourth medal of the 2002 Games in that race.In Turin in 2006, I had to miss the downhill race because I was really sick. Luckily, the organisers changed the schedule of the Super-G due to a storm. I felt better, was able to start, and won silver.In the combined downhill, I was lucky that my serviceman got the waxing right. The skis were going so quickly that I just needed to control and follow them. I did, and I won my fourth Olympic gold medal.In slalom, I finished fourth and was so happy even though I didnÕt win a medal. It was the best I could offer at that moment. I was thinking, ÒWhy is everyone so disappointed that I was fourth? ItÕs great, better than fifth, right?Ó ItÕs probably easier to look at it from that point of view when you already have six Olympic medals in your pocket. ■First athlete to appear on a Croatian postage stampFirst Alpine skier to win four medals at one Olympic Winter GamesTurin 2006Gold: Alpine CombinedSilver: Super-GSalt Lake City 2002Gold: Alpine Combined, Giant Slalom, SlalomSilver: Super-GBorn: 5 January 1982 in Zagreb, Croatia74 OLYMPIC REVIEW MY GAMES

76 OLYMPIC REVIEWCARD HOLDERVISA CARD NOEXPIRY DATE SIGNATURE Olympic Review has a cover price of 10 Swiss Francs per issue (not including postage). To subscribe to the magazine, please tick your preferred language version below (French/English/Spanish) and choose one of the three payment methods. ■ FRENCH ■ ENGLISH ■ SPANISH Please send the subscription form below to: Olympic Review Subscriptions, Ch‰teau de Vidy, c. p. 356, 1007 Lausanne, Switzerland; Fax + 41 21 621 6356To subscribe to Olympic Review for one year please tick one of the boxes below to indicate your mailing address. The cost of an annual subscription (four issues) is:■ 50 CHF - Mailing address in EUROPE ■ 70 CHF - Mailing address in REST OF WORLD The subscription fee will be sent by (please tick one box):■ Bank transfer to the IOC account 243-312883.03Q, UBS SA, 1002 Lausanne (BIC: UBSWCHZH80A - IBAN CH41 0024 3243 3128 8303 Q)■ International postal order in Swiss Francs addressed to the Olympic Museum Lausanne, Publications service, P.O. Box 1121, 1001 Lausanne, Switzerland■ Visa credit card only (please indicate below the card holder, card number and expiry date and post to the address above) FIRST NAMELAST NAMEORGANISATIONADDRESS POST/ZIP CODECOUNTRYE-MAILWith one year to go until the start of the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, Olympic Review looks at the cityÕs transformation as it prepares to welcome the best athletes on the planet.

CAMILLE MUFFAT, ALEXIS VASTINE AND FLORENCE ARTHAUDTHREE FRENCH SPORTING STARS WERE AMONG THE 10 PEOPLE KILLED IN A TRAGIC HELICOPTER ACCIDENT IN ARGENTINA’S LA RIOJA PROVINCE DURING FILMING OF A REALITY TELEVISION SHOW IN MARCHOlympic swimming gold medallist Camille Muffat, 25, Olympic boxer Alexis Vastine, 28, and champion sailor Florence Arthaud, 57, were among those killed in a collision between two helicopters in Argentina in March. The French sports stars were due to take part in a reality TV series in the countryÕs La Rioja province when the tragic accident occurred. All 10 people on board the two aircraft were killed.Muffat was one of FranceÕs most decorated swimmers, having won three medals at the London 2012 Olympic Games, including gold in the 400m freestyle, and was named French sportswoman of the year in 2012. She first hit the spotlight in 2007 when she was crowned European short course champion in the 200m individual medley, and went on to make her Olympic debut in Beijing the following Games champion at light welterweight Ð had competed at the 2008 and 2012 Olympic Games. He won a bronze medal in Beijing in 2008 and reached the quarter-finals in London four years later.Arthaud never competed at the Olympic Games, but was a trailblazer for women in sport, having become the first woman to win La Route Du Rhum Ð a solo transatlantic yacht race between Saint Malo, France, and Pointe-ˆ-Pitre, Guadeloupe. Arthaud, who set a new world record for the fastest solo crossing of the North Atlantic during her victory, had also competed in the first edition of the race in 1978, placing 11th.She went on to win the Transpacific Yacht Race with Bruno Peyron in 1997 and inspired a new generation of French female sailors, including Isabelle Autissier and Catherine Chabaud.Above from leftCamille Muffat, Alexis Vastine and Florence Arthaudyear. In 2010, she added a world title to her growing collection of accolades when she claimed gold in the 200m freestyle at the World Championships in Dubai.Muffat entered the 2012 Games in superb form Ð having broken the French record in both the 400m and 200m freestyle earlier that year Ð and went on to claim 400m gold in an Olympic record time. She also won silver in the 200m freestyle and was part of the bronze medal-winning 4x200m freestyle team, becoming only the third Frenchwoman Ð after Laure Manaudou and Micheline Ostermeyer Ð to win three medals at a single Games.Muffat also won multiple medals at world and European championships and held both the 400m and 800m freestyle world records from November 2012 to August 2013.Vastine Ð a two-time Mediterranean OBITUARIES78 OLYMPIC REVIEW
FERENC KONRçDFormer water polo player Ferenc Konr‡d Ð who was part of the Hungarian team that won Olympic gold in Montreal in 1976 Ð has passed away at the age of 70. Konr‡d also won a silver medal in Munich in 1972 and a bronze in Mexico City in 1968. In total, he represented his country 183 times between 1962 and 1977, and also enjoyed gold medal success at the inaugural Water Polo World Championships in 1973 and the 1974 European Championships.MICHEL SCHEUERFormer sprint canoeist Michel Scheuer has passed away, aged 87. Scheuer won three Olympic medals for West Germany during his career, including gold in the K2 1,000m event at the 1956 Games in Melbourne alongside Meinrad Miltenberger. His victory was all the more impressive given that it came only one day after he had won bronze in the K1 10,000m. He also won K1 10,000m bronze at the 1952 Games, and claimed two world titles in 1958.WILLEM RUSKAWillem “Wim” Ruska Ð the only judoka to have won two gold medals at the same Olympic Games Ð has died aged 74. The Dutchman triumphed in both the heavyweight and open categories at the 1972 Games in Munich, while he was also crowned world champion in 1967 and 1971. Ruska Ð who was also a seven-time European champion Ð retired after the 1972 Games and went on to enjoy a successful career as a professional wrestler in both Japan and the USA. He also worked as a judo coach and was inducted into the International Judo Federation’s Hall of Fame in 2013. Following his death, Willem Jan Stegeman, President of the Dutch Judo Federation, said: “With the death of Willem Ruska the judo world loses one of its greatest icons.”MILEN DOBREVBulgaria’s Milen Dobrev, a weightlifting gold medallist at the 2004 Olympic Games, has died aged 35. Dobrev, who triumphed in the 94kg category in Athens, was also crowned world champion in 2003 and won two European titles before retiring in 2008.Olympic shooting gold medallist Alexander Melentiev Ð Kyrgyzstan’s first Olympic champion Ð has died at the age of 60. Representing the Soviet Union, Melentiev won the 50m pistol event at the 1980 Games in Moscow, setting a world record of 581, which remained unbeaten for 34 years until the 2014 World Championships in Granada. He also won eight gold medals at the World Championships, seven European titles and was crowned Soviet champion 13 times.ALEXANDER MELENTIEVTHE FIRST OLYMPIC GOLD MEDALLIST FROM KYRGYZSTAN WHO HELD A SHOOTING WORLD RECORD FOR 34 YEARSLong-time IOC Member Peter Tallberg has died at the age of 77. Elected in 1976, at the time of his death he was the second longest-serving IOC Member. A five-time Olympic sailor, Tallberg’s best performance for Finland at the Games was a fourth-place finish in the Star class at Tokyo in 1964. He was the President of the International Yacht Racing Union (later the International Sailing Federation) from 1986 to 1994, as well as the President of the Finnish Yachting Association (1977-1983), and President of the Scandinavian Yacht Racing Union (1978-1981).During his 40-plus years working for the Olympic Movement, he was the founding chairman of the IOC Athletes’ Commission, which he chaired from its inception in 1981 until 2002. He was a member of several other commissions, including the Coordination for the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad in 2004 in Athens (1998-2004), the Evaluation for the XXI Olympic Winter Games in 2010 (2002-2003), and the Coordination for the Games of the XXX Olympiad in 2012 in London (2005-2012).He also worked tirelessly to protect sport from all forms of corruption and was a council member of the World Anti-Doping Agency and member of the World Olympians Association.IOC President Thomas Bach said: “As the founding chairman of the Athletes’ Commission, Peter was my first teacher at the IOC. He worked all his life for sport and for protecting the clean athletes. The athletes of the world and all those who love sport owe him a huge debt and he has left a lasting legacy for the Olympic Movement for which we can all be grateful.”PETER TALLBERGTHE SECOND LONGEST-SERVING IOC MEMBER WHO REPRESENTED FINLAND AT FIVE OLYMPIC GAMESOBITUARIESOLYMPIC REVIEW 79
Selection proposed by the IOC Olympic Studies Centre Ð your source of reference for Olympic knowledge. For further information, resources and book loans, visit www.olympic.org/studies or contact us at studies.centre@olympic.orgVICTOR BOIN: LE SPORT COMME ART DE VIVRE (SPORT AS A WAY OF LIFE) Roger Boin, Michel Roosens, Monique van Rulo. Published by Van Ruys Printing, 2014. ISBN: 9782805202377, 135 pages, in French.This book retraces the remarkable life of Belgian Victor Boin, a versatile athlete and a leading figure in the Olympic Movement. Born in Antwerp on 28 February 1886, Boin enjoyed an exceptional sporting career and was a mere 17-year-old when he founded his countryÕs very first ice hockey club, the Belgian Federation of Ice Skaters (FPB). In 1908, he earned selection for the Olympic Games in London, representing Belgium in the 100m freestyle swimming and winning a silver in water polo. Four years later in Stockholm, he added a water polo bronze, while placing fourth in the ŽpŽe competition. Away from the sporting arena, Boin worked as a journalist and founded the Belgian Association of Professional Sportswriters. After serving as a pilot in the First World War, he competed at the Antwerp 1920 Olympic Games, helping his country win silver in the team ŽpŽe. Chosen to be the host nationÕs flagbearer at the Opening Ceremony, he also had the honour of being the first athlete to take the Olympic Oath. In 1955, Boin became Chairman of BelgiumÕs National Olympic Committee.THE SARAJEVO OLYMPICS: A HISTORY OF THE 1984 WINTER GAMES Jason Vuic. Published by University of Massachusetts Press, 2015. ISBN: 9781625341655, 232 pages, in English.The Sarajevo Olympics is the first study devoted entirely to the 1984 Olympic Winter Games in Sarajevo. Initially regarded as an outsider to stage the event, the city ultimately proved itself to be a remarkable host and provided a whole new approach to the staging of the Winter Games. Author Jason Vuic sheds new light on the geopolitical context of Sarajevo 1984, as well as examining the history of the Olympic Movement and the internal workings of the IOC at the time. Sarajevo 1984 also saw the athletes of the USSR and the USA come face-to-face on the Olympic stage for the first time since the US boycott of Moscow in 1980. The 1984 Winter Games also yielded some memorable sporting moments, with British ice dance duo Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean mesmerising the judges and viewers around the world with their interpretation of RavelÕs Bolero. Skier Jure Franko won silver in the giant slalom to give host country Yugoslavia its very first Winter Games medal, helping to make the event even more special. FIGURE SKATING IN THE FORMATIVE YEARS: SINGLES, PAIRS, AND THE EXPANDING ROLE OF WOMEN James R. Hines. Published by University of Illinois Press, 2015. ISBN: 9780252097041, 232 pages, in English.The historian James R. Hines adopts a fresh approach to the story of figure skating, focusing his attention on the role played by women in broadening the appeal of the sport during the 20th century. The turning point came in 1902, when the British skater Madge Syers entered the world championships and went on to finish second in an event previously open to men only. In the years that followed, more and more women took up figure skating, contributing to its rapid growth. The sport is also the oldest on the Olympic Winter Games programme and has featured at every edition since Chamonix 1924.The Routledge Handbook of Sport and Legacy addresses an issue that is now key to the organisation of major sporting events, namely legacy. This concept is especially relevant to the Olympic Games, which pose a whole series of challenges for host cities that are not just sports-related, but touch on cultural, economic, environmental, political, social and urban development issues. In organising their programmes, cities bidding to stage the Olympic Games now seek to ensure that the event has a legacy that benefits local people. The Games aim to give decision-makers an opportunity to launch urban renewal projects. Creating a lasting legacy is also a fundamental principle of the Olympic Movement and is enshrined within the Olympic Charter. As a result, stakeholders are required to make legacy a central component of their planning and implementation when they pursue major new projects. The Routledge Handbook of Sport and Legacy features a selection of texts and case studies, and addresses six specific themes: legacy management; urban legacy; social and cultural legacies; human capital; political legacy; and the image of host cities. Most of the source material is drawn from past editions of the summer and winter Olympic Games. Thanks to the range and quality of the material, the Routledge Handbook of Sport and Legacy makes a valuable contribution to the study of Olympic legacy.ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK OF SPORT AND LEGACY: MEETING THE CHALLENGE OF MAJOR SPORTS EVENTS EDITED BY RICHARD HOLT, DINO RUTA. PUBLISHED BY ROUTLEDGE, 2015. ISBN: 9780415675819, 374 PAGES, IN ENGLISH.80 OLYMPIC REVIEW

THE PODIUMOLYMPIC REVIEW DELVES INTO THE ARCHIVES ONCE AGAIN TO HIGHLIGHT THE RECORD-BREAKING ACHIEVEMENTS OF ATHLETES AT THE GAMES. HERE, WE FEATURE THE ATHLETES WHO HAVE COLLECTED THE MOST MEDALS AT THE OLYMPIC GAMES WITHOUT EVER WINNING GOLD (JAM/SLO, ATHLETICS) (ITA, EQUESTRIAN)Medals: 9 (3 silver, 6 bronze)Merlene Ottey’s remarkable Olympic career saw her win more track and fi eld medals than any other female athlete, as she collected three silver and six bronze medals between her debut in Moscow in 1980 and her fi nal appearance (for Slovenia) in Athens in 2004. She boasts an incredible span of 20 years between her fi rst and last Olympic medals.Medals: 6 (2 silver, 4 bronze)Italian show jumper Piero D’Inzeo competed at eight Olympic Games between 1948 and 1976, winning two silver and four bronze medals. The closest he came to gold was silver in the individual show jumping event in Rome in 1960, when he was beaten by his younger brother, Raimondo.MERLENE OTTEYPIERO D’INZEO(GER, SWIMMING)Medals: 10 (4 silver, 6 bronze)German swimmer Franziska van Almsick fi rst caught the eye in Barcelona in 1992, when she won four medals at the age of just 14, including silver in the 200m freestyle. Four years later, she won a further three medals in Atlanta – again fi nishing second in the 200m – and after a solitary relay bronze in Sydney, her bid for an elusive Olympic gold came to an end in Athens, where she collected two more relay bronze medals. Van Almsick did, however, win 200m freestyle gold at the 1994 World Championships, and was world record-holder in the event for more than 12 years. FRANZISKAVAN ALMSICKTHE PODIUM82 OLYMPIC REVIEW