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SHAPE THE FUTUREFOLLOWING THE IOC’S HISTORIC APPROVAL OF OLYMPIC AGENDA 2020 IN MONACO, OLYMPIC REVIEW CONSIDERS WHAT THE FUTURE HOLDS FOR THE OLYMPIC MOVEMENT OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE OLYMPIC MOVEMENTJANUARY-FEBRUARY-MARCH 2015 NUMBER 94OLYMPICWWW.OLYMPIC.ORG

07 FOREWORD By IOC President Thomas Bach.08 SNAPSHOT Eye-catching sporting images from the past quarter.12 NEWS The latest news and events from around the Olympic Movement.26 BEYOND THE RINGSIn our new regular column, Professor Dr Helmut Digel considers human rights in the context of the Olympic Games.28 WHAT’S TRENDING?The latest social media updates posted by Olympians all over the world on the IOC’s Olympic Athletes’ Hub.30 COVER STORY: OLYMPIC AGENDA 2020Olympic Review gives the inside story of the IOC’s historic approval of the Olympic Agenda 2020 recommendations in Monaco, considers the reforms from the athletes’ perspective and looks ahead to the next steps.46 CLASSIC OLYMPIC IMAGESStriking images from past Olympic Games. Also on pages 62 and 68.48 THE OLYMPIC CAPITALAs the IOC celebrates the 100th anniversary of its move to Lausanne, Olympic historian David Miller charts the history of the organisation’s headquarters and how the Swiss city became the Olympic Capital.56 ROAD TO RIOWith Rio 2016 just over a year away, we speak to Serbian shooting star Ivana Maksimovic, the Republic of Korea’s Olympic archery champion Jin Hyek Oh and US Olympic basketball gold medallist Maya Moore.64 OLYMPIC SOLIDARITYOlympic Review looks at how the Olympic Solidarity programme is helping two athletes in their qualification attempts for Rio 2016. 70 OLYMPIC FLASHBACKGo back in time to the 1968 Olympic Winter Games in Grenoble.74 MY GAMESSouth Africa’s two-time Olympic swimming gold medallist Penny Heyns looks back at the three Games in which she competed.79 OBITUARIESOlympians and figures from the Olympic Movement who have passed away.80 BOOK REVIEWSOur bookworms review the latest Olympic-related publications.82 THE PODIUMWe salute the athletes who have won the most team event gold medals.CONTENTS OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE OLYMPIC MOVEMENTJANUARY-FEBRUARY-MARCH 2015 EXECUTIVE BOARDPresident Thomas BachVice-Presidents Nawal El Moutawakel, Craig Reedie, John Coates, Zaiqing YuMembers Gunilla Lindberg, Ching-Kuo Wu, René Fasel, Patrick Joseph Hickey, Claudia Bokel, Juan Antonio Samaranch Jr, Sergey Bubka, Willi Kaltschmitt Luján, Anita L. DeFrantz, Ugur Erdener OLYMPIC REVIEWCommunications DirectorMark AdamsEditor-in-Chief Katharine MannFrench Edition Blandine Potemsky Spanish Edition Dolores Blázquez Production Agency Touchline Production Michael Stoneman, Glyn Wilmshurst, John MurrayDesign John Paul Yetton, Liam Yeoh Image retouching Jason Dutch Translation Denis Echard, Claudia Conde, Laura Nadal, Ros Schwartz Proofreading Libero Language Lab ISSN: 0377-192XPrinted in the UKIMAGESCover Image Getty Images/ Hero Images; Inside IOC;IOC/ Alexander Hassenstein; IOC/ Ian Jones; IOC/ Arnaud Meylan; IOC/ John Huet; IOC/ Ubald Rutar; IOC/ Christophe Moratal; IOC/ Benoît Fontaine; 1981/ EPA/DPA / Albert Riethausen; 1951/ H. Lee Hansen; Getty Images; Corbis; AFP; Tokyo 2020/ Ryo Ichikawa; Richard Juilliard/ FEI; Ján Súkup; NOC of Albania; NOC of Bahrain; NOC of Greece; NOC of Mali; Lillehammer 2016; PyeongChang 2018 CONTACTSPlease send your letters to: Olympic Review, IOC Department of Communications, Château de Vidy, 1007 Lausanne, Switzerland website: www.olympic.org email: olympicreview@olympic.orgtel +41 (0)21 621 6111 fax +41 (0)21 621 6356 Olympic Review uses PEFC-certified paper stock sourced from sustainably managed forests.Olympic Review is published by the International Olympic Committee. The articles published in Olympic Review do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the International Olympic Committee. No articles may be reproduced without the permission of the IOC Department of Communications.4 OLYMPIC REVIEW OLYMPIC REVIEWOLY070_
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Top right Engaging more young people in sport is a key focus of the Olympic Agenda 2020 reforms FOREWORD BY THOMAS BACHPRESIDENT, INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEEOver the coming months we will see the impact of the Olympic Agenda 2020 initiatives. This is an exciting time for the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the Olympic Movement. As the IOC prepares to celebrate 100 years of operations in Lausanne, our organisation is united, confident and ready to build on its success with a clear strategic roadmap for the future. The 40 recommendations that the IOC Session unanimously approved in December were the culmination of nearly 18 months of transparent, wide-ranging dialogue with IOC Members, International Federations, National Olympic Committees, independent experts and the general public. Our task now is to capitalise on that momentum and energy as we put the recommendations into practice.The IOC is already implementing Olympic Agenda 2020 changes in the bid process for the 2024 Olympic Games. The 2024 Games have drawn strong interest from cities around the world. They will be the first to benefit from the new Invitation Phase in the bid process. The IOC will work more closely than ever before with potential bid cities in this new phase to help them understand the process and the benefits of bidding for and hosting the Games.The Invitation Phase is one of several changes that demonstrate flexibility and emphasise that bidding for the Games is not a tender for a franchise. There is no one-size-fits-all solution. The revised process is designed to deliver excellent Games, with no compromise on the field of play for the athletes, while also providing a positive sustainable legacy for the host city and region.The reforms of Olympic Agenda 2020 have also influenced the bid process for the 2022 Olympic Winter Games, even though that process was well underway when the IOC met in Monaco. In the spirit of transparency that is one of the hallmarks of Olympic Agenda 2020, the IOC has informed the two candidates — Beijing and Almaty — that the 2022 host city can anticipate a contribution from the IOC of about USD 880 million to support successful Games. The IOC contribution to the success of the much larger 2024 Games is expected to total USD 1.5 billion.Other benefits and assistance from the IOC to the 2022 and 2024 host cities will be included in the Host City Contract, which will be made public, in keeping with the guidance provided by Olympic Agenda 2020.The IOC is also moving ahead with plans for the new Olympic Channel, another important recommendation of Olympic Agenda 2020. The Channel will provide a global platform to promote Olympic sports, athletes and Olympic values between Games. It is another example of the IOC’s efforts to use new communications technologies and tools to engage global audiences, especially young audiences. Plans for implementing the Olympic Channel were the focus of a recent summit of the IOC’s Worldwide TOP Partners in Lausanne. The Partners, along with other stakeholders in the Olympic Movement, have an important role in ensuring the Channel’s success.We now have an ideal platform to view the future. We can see the challenges ahead. Olympic Agenda 2020 will help us meet those challenges and drive change on our terms. ■OLYMPIC REVIEW 7PRESIDENT BACH FOREWORDOLY070_

07/12/2014The eyes of the swimming world were on the Hamad Aquatic Centre in Doha, Qatar for five days in December for the FINA World Swimming Champion-ships. Here, South Africa’s Stephanus Coetzer (bottom) competes in the heats of the men’s 200m backstroke, one of 46 events in the programme. Despite only qualifying eighth fastest for the final, Poland’s Radoslaw Kawecki beat American Ryan Lochte and Australia’s Mitch Larkin to win the gold.Photo: Getty ImagesSWIMMINGSNAPSHOT
14/12/2014Athletes battle for position in the mass start ladies’ race at the ISU World Cup Speed Skating in Heerenveen, Netherlands. After 16 laps, Canada’s Ivanie Blondin emerged victorious at the Thialf Ice Arena, edging out Bo Reum Kim from the Republic of Korea by 0.02 seconds.Photo: Getty ImagesSPEED SKATINGSNAPSHOTOLY070_

PRESIDENT BACH HOSTS WORLDWIDE TOP PARTNERS FOR OLYMPIC AGENDA 2020 SUMMITIn January, IOC President Thomas Bach welcomed senior representatives of the Worldwide TOP Partner Programme to Lausanne for the Olympic Agenda 2020 TOPs Summit.The Summit was opened by President Bach, who provided an overview of Olympic Agenda 2020, with IOC Director General Christophe De Kepper providing more detail on the next stage of the process – planning and implementation. The delegates then focused on several key themes including “The Uniqueness of the Olympic Games”, “Athletes” and “Olympism in Action”. President Bach said: “For many decades, the Worldwide TOP Partners have demonstrated the importance of their support for the entire Olympic Movement. Our partners were an integral part of the Olympic Agenda 2020 discussion phase throughout 2014. As we move to implementation, following the unanimous approval of the Olympic Agenda 2020 recommendations last month, the partners, along with the other stakeholders of the Olympic Movement, have an important role to play, and at today’s Summit we discussed opportunities for further future collaboration.”Timo Lumme, Managing Director of IOC Television and Marketing Services, said: “Today’s Summit has been a great forum to discuss with our valued partners the next phase of Olympic Agenda 2020. A handful of the approved recommendations relate directly to our work with the TOP Partners, but it was clear from today’s discussion that their long-term support goes way beyond this and will be essential in realising the overall vision.” The afternoon was devoted to the Olympic Channel project. Yiannis Exarchos, CEO of Olympic Broadcasting Services (OBS), said: “The launch of an Olympic Channel was one of the headline recommendations coming out of Olympic Agenda 2020. At today’s Summit we were able to continue our discussions with the TOP Partners, but with the knowledge that the Channel project has now been approved. We are now out of the starting blocks with the plans for the Channel, and today was an opportunity to share our excitement and enthusiasm for the concept and belief that it will offer opportunities to engage with people, especially young people, all around the world, every day of the year.”Below IOC President Thomas Bach joins representatives of the Worldwide TOP Partners in Lausanne to give an overview of Olympic Agenda 202012 OLYMPIC REVIEW
ALMATY AND BEIJING SUBMIT 2022 CANDIDATURE FILESOLYMPIC MUSEUM INAUGURATES BROADCASTING EXHIBITIONOn 15 January, the IOC launched the bid process for the Games of the XXXIII Olympiad in 2024 with an Invitation Phase. It is the first bid process following the adoption of the Olympic Agenda 2020 reforms. Interested NOCs and potential bid cities are now invited to discuss their initial ideas with the IOC and receive various levels of assistance and feedback. There has been strong interest in hosting the Games, with the NOCs of the USA and Italy announcing Boston and Rome as their bid cities. On 11 February, IOC President Thomas Bach met the leaders of the Rome 2024 bid committee to discuss its plans and look at ways to incorporate the objectives of Olympic Agenda 2020.On 31 January, IOC President Thomas Bach met the 42nd President of the USA and founder of the Clinton Foundation, Bill Clinton (below left), and discussed the important role that sport can play in society. On the same trip, the President also met with IOC Honour Member and former US Secretary of State, Henry Kissinger.On 6 January, the IOC received the Candidature Files of Almaty (Kazakhstan) and Beijing (China), the two cities bidding to host the 2022 Olympic Winter Games. Both cities were encouraged to reflect the spirit of Olympic Agenda 2020 following the unanimous approval of the 40 recommendations at the 127th IOC Session in Monaco on 8 December. Olympic Agenda 2020 allows for more flexibility in the bid process, and places a stronger emphasis on legacy, lower costs and improved sustainability.IOC President Thomas Bach said: “For the Candidate Cities, it is a unique opportunity to present their ideas about the organisation of the Olympic Winter Games, and for us a moment that we have been looking forward to for some time. Working with the two Candidate Cities, we will apply the first reforms which have been approved by IOC Members very recently in Monaco as part of our Olympic Agenda 2020 roadmap. This will be done through ongoing consultation with the Candidate Cities.”The host city for the 2022 Olympic Winter Games will be elected at the 128th IOC Session in Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) on 31 July.IOC LAUNCHES 2024 GAMES BID PROCESSPRESIDENT BACH MEETS BILL CLINTONLeft The Beijing (top) and Almaty (bottom) bid teams present their Candidature Files to host the 2022 Olympic Winter GamesFrom 19 February 2015 to 26 January 2016, the Olympic Museum is hosting an exhibition called “The Olympic Games: Behind the Screen”. This exhibition explores the history of broadcasting the Games on radio and television, as well as looking at how the Games will be experienced in the future. The exhibition looks at broadcasting from two angles: the new technology used to maximise the quality of sports broadcasting, and advances in content broadcasting to enhance the emotions and experience of the viewer. Right The Museum’s audio-visual and photograph collectionsOLYMPIC REVIEW 13OLY070_
On 29 January, the IOC, in part-nership with UNESCO and several other international organisations, released new guidelines, urginggovernments and educational planners to undertake qualitative and quantative investment in their physical education programmes.The action-orientated Quality Physical Education (QPE) Guide-lines, which are in line with the IOC’s mission to include sport in school curricula worldwide and to promote Olympic values-based education, were presented during a meeting of the Intergovern-mental Committee for Physical Education and Sport (CIGEPS) at the IOC headquarters in Laus-anne. IOC Member Julio César Maglione took part in the meeting as Honorary President of CIGEPS. IOC President Thomas Bach said: “Physical education in schools is crucial if we are to get the couch potatoes off the couch. Sport has a central role to play in the education system, not just to fight against obesity and sed-entary behaviour; studies have shown time and again the positive effects physical activity has on the social and intellectual develop-ment of young people. Collabo-rating closely with UNESCO, we will ensure physical education is an integral part of school curricula to promote a healthy mind in a healthy body.”On 28 February, the Interna-tional Olympic Committee (IOC) wrapped up a busy week of meet-ings in Rio de Janeiro that included the eighth visit of the Coordination Commission for the 2016 Olympic Games, the first Executive Board (EB) meeting after the approval of Olympic Agenda 2020, and discussions between IOC Presi-dent Thomas Bach and Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff.“There is really an impressive programme in place for engage-ment and legacies surrounding these Games,” said President Bach. “The IOC EB discussed this in detail. The IOC wants to leave the Closing Ceremony not just saying goodbye and thank you; we want to leave knowing there is a great legacy plan in place for the Cariocas and for Brazil. We received excellent plans from the organising committee and public authorities to use the Games as a catalyst for social and economic development in Rio and Brazil. So, for Rio we have many reasons to be confident and we are in fact inspired by the legacy project. On the other hand, we have no reason to be complacent because we all know there is not a single moment to lose in preparations.”During her meeting with Pres-ident Bach, the Brazilian Presi-dent confirmed not only her full commitment to the success of the Games but also the full commit-ment of all levels of government. She made it very clear that all the Federal ministries will make every effort to ensure the success of the Games. The Games will provide new, much-needed infrastructure for Rio, including a new metro line that will link the regions of Ipanema and Barra. The EB also launched an Imple-mentation Plan for Olympic Agenda 2020. The EB went through each of the 40 recommendations that make up Olympic Agenda 2020 and discussed their implementa-tion, including timelines, costs, and the impact on human resources and the structure of the IOC. Going forward, each Executive Board meeting will now devote part of its agenda to the Olympic Agenda 2020 Implementation Plan to en-sure proper follow-up and delivery.Protecting athletes’ health and preventing injuries and illnesses in sport are top priorities for the IOC and its Medical Commission. Nine research centres around the world have therefore been named as IOC Research Centres for Prevention of Injury and Protection of Athlete Health. Over the next four years, these centres will be tasked with re-searching, developing and imple-menting effective prevention and treatment methods for sports-related injuries and illnesses. They will receive financial support from the IOC and join an international network of expert scientists and clinicians in sports-injury and dis-ease-prevention research.The IOC has announced that the Instituto Cubano de Radio y Tel-evisión (ICRT) has been awarded the exclusive broadcast rights in Cuba for the Games of the XXXI Olympiad in Rio in 2016 (below). It was also announced that China Central Television (CCTV) has been awarded the exclusive broadcast rights in China for the XXIII Olympic Winter Games in PyeongChang in 2018, and the Games of the XXXII Olympiad in Tokyo in 2020, as well as the Games in 2022 and 2024. IOC AND UNESCO TARGET PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN SCHOOLSIOC EXECUTIVE BOARD REPORTS STEADY PROGRESS FOR RIO 2016Right IOC President Thomas Bach meets Brazilian President Dilma RousseffIOC ANNOUNCES NINE MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTRESIOC ANNOUNCES BROADCAST DEALS14 OLYMPIC REVIEW
PYEONGCHANG 2018 FINALISES VENUE MASTER PLANAt the end of the fourthproject review visit of the IOC’s Coordination Commission on 15-16 January 2015, it was announced that the venue master plan for the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games has been finalised. While good progress has been made since the IOC’s last visit, the Chair of the IOC’s Commission, Gunilla Lindberg, stressed that timelines remain tight, with test events due to start in 2016. Day one of the two-day meeting included a visit to a number of the new venues being built for the Games, as well as executive meetings, some of which were attended by Gangwon Province Governor Choi Moon-soon. This was followed by progress reports on all key areas of the Games organisation. At the Executive Board meeting in Rio in February, the IOC established an Integration Working Group to speed up decision-making processes and improve integration between stakeholders.Right and below PyeongChang 2018 is making good progress ahead of the 2016 test eventsOLYMPIC REVIEW 15OLY070_
On 29 January, the Organising Committee for the 2016 Olympic and Paralympic Games in Rio announced the first details of the Olympic Torch Relay.The flame will travel across 26 states and through 250 cities and towns on a 20,000km journey around Brazil in the lead-up to the Rio 2016 Olympic Games. It was revealed that the flame would be carried by at least 10,000 torchbearers on a route designed to take in every corner of Brazil and reach approximately 90 per cent of the population. Coca-Cola will continue its longstanding support of the Olympic Torch Relay as a Presenting Partner, along with Nissan and Bradesco.RIO 2016 OLYMPIC TORCH RELAY ROUTE UNVEILEDRIO 2016 UNVEILS VINICIUS AND TOM AFTER PUBLIC VOTETOKYO 2020 MARKS 2020 DAYS TO GOThe Organising Committee for the Rio Games in 2016 has unveiled the Olympic and Paralympic Games mascots. Inspired by the flora and fauna of Brazil, the mascots feature various influences from popular culture, along with elements of animation and computer game characters. The mascots were both born on 2 October 2009, when Rio de Janeiro was elected to host the Games.After the mascots were unveiled, members of the public were asked to help choose their names. Over 320,000 people took part in the three-week poll, and the winning names, with 44 per cent of the vote, were Vinicius and Tom, in honour of Brazilian Bossa Nova musicians Vinicius de Moraes and Tom Jobim.A group of 20-year-old athletes joined hundreds of spectators to form a giant “2020” to launch the 2020-day countdown to the Games of the XXXII Olympiad in Tokyo (above). This special day coincided with Coming of Age Day in Japan, on 12 January 2015, which celebrates young people who have turned 20 and have officially reached the age of majority. Olympians and athletes joined hundreds of 20-year-olds to celebrate the two events on the square outside the Tokyo 2020 headquarters, as well as in areas of the Tohoku region affected by the 2011 earthquake and tsunami. Those attending the ceremony included 20-year-old swimmer Kosuke Hagino, a bronze medallist at the 2012 Olympic Games in London. Hagino took part in a public discussion with the spectators, along with several other 20-year-old athletes: swimmers Akihiro Yamaguchi and Daiya Seto, gymnast Akiho Sato, and Paralympic cyclist Miho Fujii.Left The mascots were inspired by Brazil’s flora and faunaAbove The Rio 2016 Olympic Torch Relay will visit 250 Brazilian cities in the lead-up to the Games16 OLYMPIC REVIEW VIEW
Rio 2016 has launched its ticket sign-up programme. Those hoping to attend should register their interest at www.rio2016.com/tickets in order to receive information and alerts for the key ticket purchasing dates. A key aim of the Ticket Programme for the Olympic Games is to ensure that everyone has a fair chance of securing tickets for the Games, and underlines Rio 2016’s “Games for All” concept.RIO 2016 LAUNCHES TICKET SIGN-UPOn 9 February, PyeongChang celebrated three years to go until it hosts the 2018 Olympic Winter Games with an event dubbed “One Day in PyeongChang”. More than 500 participants took part in the festivities, which were held at the Alpensia Ski Jumping Centre and the site for the Olympic Stadium. After participants came together to form a large-scale replica of the official PyeongChang 2018 emblem, 60 runners took part in a 3km relay between the two Games venues, which will host the ski jumping events and Opening and Closing Ceremonies respectively. SOCHI 2014 ENJOYS A STRONG LEGACY ONE YEAR ONOne year on from Sochi 2014, the success of the “Athletes’ Games” is still being felt throughout the Olympic Movement. From spectacular sporting moments and record broadcast figures, to thrilling new events and lasting Olympic legacies, the positive impact of the 2014 Olympic Winter Games cannot be overstated. As IOC President Thomas Bach said in his speech at the Closing Ceremony, after 17 days of exceptional Olympic action: “There is no higher compliment than to say on behalf of all participants and on behalf of all of my fellow Olympic athletes: these were the Athletes’ Games.”The athletes were certainly the stars of the show, as participants from a record 88 NOCs captivated Olympic fans around the world with a series of historic achievements and record-breaking performances in Sochi’s glittering array of venues.Sochi 2014 marked the debut of 12 new Olympic events, with the figure skating team competition, biathlon mixed relay, mixed luge team relay, ski halfpipe, ski slopestyle, snowboard slopestyle, snowboard parallel slalom and women’s ski jumping all held for the first time at an Olympic Winter Games. Alongside the traditional disciplines, these exciting new events helped enthral a global audience of billions, with record worldwide coverage on both TV and digital platforms. In a watershed moment for Olympic broadcasting, the volume of digital coverage available also exceeded that of traditional television broadcasts for the first time ever. While a year has passed since Sochi 2014 lit up the sporting world, the legacy provided by the Olympic venues has ensured that the host region continues to stage elite-level sport, including the inaugural Formula One Russian Grand Prix and Kontinental Hockey League matches, as well as events such as the 2015 FIL European Luge Championships, the 2016 FIS Alpine Junior World Ski Championships, the 2017 FIBT Bob & Skeleton World Championships and the 2018 FIFA World Cup.In February 2015, the Sochi 2014 Organising Committee announced that the Games had generated an operational surplus of approximately USD 50 million. The IOC will transfer its share of this total to the Russian Olympic Committee. The IOC contribut-ed a total of USD 833 million to support the Sochi Games.Below Participants at a balloon-launching event to mark three years to go until PyeongChang 2018Below The Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games were watched by a global audience of billionsPYEONGCHANG MARKS THREE YEARS TO GOOLYMPIC REVIEW 17OLY070_
ATHLETES SHOWCASE MONOBOB EVENT FOR LILLEHAMMER 2016With one year to go to the second Winter Youth Olympic Games, young athletes from around the world showcased the brand new monobob event at the FIBT Youth Monobob & Skeleton Series in Lillehammer. It was also a chance for them to scope out the YOG track, which was also used at the 1994 Olympic Winter Games.Thirty-two young athletes aged 14 to 16 from nine countries competed at the tournament, with six days of training and coaching before race day on 21 December. The monobob, which will make a first appearance on the YOG programme next year, is pushed, steered and braked by just one athlete.Sharing in the YOG spirit has just been made easier thanks to the launch of the new Compete, Learn & Share Gateway (above).Featuring videos, quizzes, stories and more, the Gateway brings together all the amazing resources and tools available to the athletes at the YOG under one virtual roof for young athletes everywhere to enjoy.Designed to help young athletes become the best they can be – both on and off the field of play – users can watch the films and click on the links to find advice, guidance and information from experts on topics ranging from media training and anti-doping, to injury prevention and life after sport.SHARING THE YOG EXPERIENCEONE YEAR TO GO MILESTONE FOR LILLEHAMMERLILLEHAMMER 2016 YOG MASCOT MAKES FIRST APPEARANCELillehammer 2016 has unveiled Sjogg, the official mascot of the 2016 Winter Youth Olympic Games. The mountain lynx is named after the local Lillehammer word for snow. He made his first appearance live on Norwegian national TV during the FIS Nordic Skiing World Cup in Lillehammer in December.“We’re pretty sure that Sjogg will be the one who hands out the most hugs during the Games, but we cannot guarantee that the mascot won’t play any pranks. We have to assume as much,” said Magne Vikøren, Head of Communications and Marketing for Lillehammer 2016.The YOG lynx mascot was the result of an international design competition. It was created by 18-year-old Line Ansethmoen from Lillehammer. “I think it looks really nice,” said Ansethmoen.Above Sjogg was named the official mascot for Lillehammer 2016 after an international design competitionLeft Athletes from nine countries competed in the monobob eventOn 11 February, celebrations to mark one year to go to the Lillehammer 2016 Winter Youth Olympic Games were kicked off by His Royal Highness Crown Prince Haakon of Norway as he unveiled the OMEGA countdown clock showing 365 days to go. The ceremony was the start of several days of festivities in Lillehammer, Hamar and Gjøvik, the three locations that will host the sports and “Learn and share” activities during the Games. Lillehammer 2016 CEO Tomas Holmestad said: “Every one of the next 365 days now counts to making Lillehammer 2016 a huge success.”18 OLYMPIC REVIEW

UNITED WORLD WRESTLING LAUNCHES SUPER 8 CAMPAIGNFEI APPOINTS FIRST FEMALE SECRETARY GENERALOn 14 January at the Lausanne Olympic Museum, United World Wrestling (UWW) President Nenad Lalovic kicked off the organisation’s “Super 8” campaign, in the presenceof IOC President Thomas Bach. The eight-week programme, bookended by International Women’s Day on 8 March, brought together eight female wrestlers, including three Olympic champions, for two months of activities to raise awareness of women’s wrestling and increase female participation at all levels of the sport. IOC Executive Board Member Claudia Bokel attended a panel discussion on women in wrestling and international sport, with Carol Huynh, UWW Athletes’ Commission Chair, Sofia Mattsson, Super 8 Ambassador and active wrestler, and Lindsay Glassco, IOC Director of International Cooperation and Development. Below President Bach attends a women’s wrestling demonstration at the Olympic Museum in LausanneSabrina Zeender has been appointed Secretary General of the International Equestrian Federation (FEI) by the FEI Bureau, at the proposal of FEI President, Ingmar De Vos, which was accepted unanimously.This is the first time that a woman has been appointed to this position. Zeender had been interim Secretary General since the appointment of De Vos as President on 14 December.Zeender joined the FEI in 1991 and has held various positions in the organisation. In 2011, she became Director of Governance and Executive Affairs. Before joining the FEI, her previous experience included a role with the International Swimming Federation (FINA) in Lausanne.AIBA RE-ELECTS WUChing-Kuo Wu (left), an IOC Executive Board member, was re-elected as President of the International Boxing Association (AIBA) at its Congress on 13-14 November in Jeju (Republic of Korea). This is his third term as AIBA President.FIS WORLD SNOW DAY HAILED A SUCCESSThe fourth edition of World Snow Day on 18 January, organised by the International Ski Federation (FIS), was a great success. Some 645 events in 45 countries on five continents attracted almost 600,000 participants from Peru to Norway, from the United States to South Africa, and from the People’s Republic of China to Argentina and Canada.Organised in the framework of the FIS “Bring Children to the Snow” campaign, this day is an annual celebration of snow, featuring various activities for children and families. The main objective is to encourage all participants, especially youngsters aged from four to 14, to explore, experience and enjoy snow, not only to promote skiing and snowboard as leisure activities, but also to learn more about the environment.20 OLYMPIC REVIEW
Meeting in Monaco in November, the Council of the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), chaired by Lamine Diack, selected cities to host four upcoming events: Kampala (Uganda) for the 2017 World Cross Country Championships, Nairobi (Kenya) for the 2017 World Youth Championships, Ostrava (Czech Republic) for the 2018 Continental Cup and Doha (Qatar) for the 2019 World Championships. Meanwhile, the web site of the Organising Committee of the 2015 World Championships being held in Beijing (People’s Republic of China) on 22-30 August can now be found at www.iaafbeijing2015.com.SPAIN TO HOST FIRST FIBA WOMEN’S WORLD CUPSpain will host the FIBA Women’s Basketball World Cup in 2018, the new incarnation of the Women’s World Championship. The Spanish Basketball Federation has past experience of hosting a major FIBA event, having staged the men’s Basketball World Cup in 2014.Nigeria’s Quadri Aruna and China’s Ding Ning won the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) Star Awards in the player of the year categories. Seven awards were presented during the ceremony in Dubai (UAE) at the beginning of January. The winners were chosen by an expert panel comprising a representative from the ITTF Athletes’ Commission, the ITTF Para Division, the ITTF President, Thomas Weikert, and four members of the international media.The International Tennis Federation(ITF) has named the USA’s Serena Williams and Serbia’s Novak Djokovic as its 2014 women’s and men’s world champions respectively. It is the fifth time Williams (below left) has claimed the award, while Djokovic (below right) has now won it four times. Americans Bob and Mike Bryan were named men’s doubles world champions for the 11th time in 12 years, and Italy’s Sara Errani and Roberta Vinci were crowned women’s doubles champions for the third straight year. The USA’s Catherine Bellis and Russia’s Andrey Rublev took the junior titles, while Japan’s Yui Kamiji and Shingo Kunieda won the wheelchair awards.Right The ITTF winners with their Star Awards at the ceremony in DubaiLeft Doha (Qatar) will host the 2019 World ChampionshipsITF NAMES 2014 WORLD CHAMPIONSIAAF NAMES HOSTS FOR UPCOMING EVENTSITTF HOLDS STAR AWARDSOLYMPIC REVIEW 21OLY070_
22 OLYMPIC REVIEW Besim Hasani, head of the Kosovo Olympic Committee, has hailed a “new era for the Olympic Movement in Kosovo” following the NOC’s recognition by the IOC.The NOC of Kosovo was granted full recognition at the 127th IOC Session after it met the requirements for recognition as outlined in the Olympic Charter. Speaking on the occasion, Hasani said: “This is one historical day for the athletes of Kosovo. This is a great achievement, the beginning of a new era for the Olympic Movement in Kosovo. This recognition is a good example of what can be achieved through sports and autonomy and with diplomacy of sports.”He added: “With [the] trust and confidence [of the IOC], I can assure you our NOC will be working for athletes and in accordance with the Olympic Charter and all the principles of the Olympic Movement and Agenda 2020 which we fully support. Now we will be fully dedicated to preparations for the Rio Games.”Kosovo’s NOC was formed in 1992 and has over 30 affiliated national sports federations, including a significant number of Olympic sports federations affiliated to their respective International Federations.In January, the NOC of Argentina staged the prize-giving for the 32nd edition of the National Drawing and Literature Contest. Organised via the NOC’s Art and Culture Commission and the Olympic Museum, the competition was aimed at school pupils and students aged six to 19, for the purpose of promoting the Olympic values through education. Taking part in the prize ceremony were NOC Vice-President Alicia Masoni de Morea and Secretary General Mario Moccia, as well as members of the Art and Culture Commission.KOSOVO NOC HAILS “NEW ERA” AFTER FULL IOC RECOGNITIONNOC OF ARGENTINA HOLDS ARTS COMPETITIONBRAZILIAN NOC UNVEILS ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS TEAM TRAINING CENTREBAHRAIN NOC HOLDS SYMPOSIUM TO FIGHT AGAINST DOPINGNEWS IN BRIEFAlbanian NOC names video competition winnersThe Albanian NOC, in cooperation with the Children’s Cultural Centre in Durres, organised a competition for the best video on the theme “Albania at the Olympic Games” (below). The project aimed to encourage pupils to gather information on the Olympic Movement in Albania and present it in the form of a video. A jury made up of the NOC’s Cultural Commission chose the best three videos, which were revealed at a ceremony held in the presence of pupils, several members of the NOC Executive Board and the Deputy Mayor of Durres. The winning video will be posted on the NOC’s YouTube channel.The Brazilian NOC, whose President is IOC Honorary Member Carlos Arthur Nuzman, has inaugurated the Brazilian artistic gymnastics team training centre. The centre is situated in the warm-up zone of Rio de Janeiro’s Olympic Arena. As well as modern training equipment, the centre includes study and physiotherapy facilities, a cafeteria and medical rooms, which will be available for use by the men’s and women’s teams.On 10 January, a symposium entitled “The 2015 Code to Fight against Doping” in Bahrain brought together some 360 participants representing the Education Ministry, Interior Ministry, the Bahrain Defence Force, sports associations, sports clubs and gyms, as well as National Coaching Programme graduates. This symposium was organised under the patronage of the Supreme Council for Youth and Sports Chairman and Bahrain NOC Vice-President, Salman bin Ebrahim Al Khalifa.Above Bahrain NOC Secretary General Abdulrahman Askar outlines the anti-doping campaignAbove President Bach with members of the Kosovo NOC in MonacoOLY070_
OLYMPIC REVIEW 23SPOTLIGHT ON… IOC TROPHYNOCS REWARD ARTISTIC EXPRESSION WITH 2014 IOC TROPHYAWARD RECOGNISES ARTISTS WHO HAVE PROMOTED OLYMPISMNational Olympic Committees around the world have been awarding the 2014 IOC Trophy under the theme of sport and art. Since 1985, the IOC has awarded an IOC trophy each year with a different topical theme, chosen by the IOC President. This trophy is made available to each NOC, which is responsible for identifying and selecting the trophy recipient in its own country. This year, the IOC chose to reward artistic expression. A total of 41 NOCs have recognised artists and creators who have promoted Olympism and left a legacy through art. Previous themes have included sport and sustainable development, sport and social responsibility and sport and the fight against doping.The Hellenic NOC recently presented prizes to athletes,sports personalities, organisations and institutions for their contribution to sport and Olympism. Participation pins for the 2014 Olympic Winter Games in Sochi were presented to the athletes. The IOC Women and Sport Diploma was awarded to Fani Palli-Petralia, while the 2014 IOC Sport and Art Trophy was awarded to Mina Papatheodorou-Valyraki. Yiannis Exarchos, the CEO of Olympic Broadcasting Services (OBS), received an NOC award for his contribution to promoting Olympic values. A prize was also presented to the A.G. Leventis Foundation for its support to athletes with Olympic Preparation Subsidies, and to the Olympic Academy for its entry in the Guinness Book of Records, following the celebration of Olympic Day in 2014 by some 45,000 schoolchildren.The British Olympic Association (BOA) has announced the results of its Athletes’ Commission elections. Eric Boateng (basketball), Jon Eley (short track speed skating), Claire Hamilton (curling) and Nathan Robertson (badminton) (pictured clockwise from top right) join the other Commission members for the first time. Fellow members Sarah Gosling (sailing) and Goldie Sayers (athletics) were both re-elected. Chaired by Ben Hawes (hockey), the Commission has 14 members in total, including Adam Pengilly (skeleton), an IOC Member and a member of the IOC Athletes’ Commission.The fifth edition of Mali’s “Sporting Merit Night”, on the theme of fair play, was held in December in Bamako (right). This initiative by the NOC of Mali was held in the presence of the First Lady of Mali, Keita Aminata Maïga (who is President of the National Olympic Academy), the President of the National Assembly, Issaka Sidibe, Sports Minister Housseini Amion Guindo, and NOC President Habib Sissoko, as well as distinguished guest Mustapha Berraf, the Algerian NOC President and Vice-President of the Association of National Olympic Committees of Africa (ANOCA). The best sports leader prize was awarded to Wahab Zorome, President of the Mali Fencing Federation, while the fair play prize went to the former Chair of the Equestrian Standardisation Committee, former minister Adama Kone, and the best athlete award to basketball player Djeneba N’Diaye, winner of the under-18s Afrobasket with Mali.HELLENIC NOC HONOURS ATHLETES AND ORGANISATIONSFOUR NEW MEMBERS ELECTED TO BOA ATHLETES’ COMMISSIONMALIAN NOC HONOURS SPORTING MERIT WINNERS IN BAMAKOAbove Mojmír Vychodil won the Slovak Olympic Committee’s 2014 IOC Trophy for designing its National Olympians MemorialOLY070_
At the 1968 Olympic Games in Mexico City, the winner of the marathon had already crossed the finish line over an hour before Akhwari entered the stadium. Limping and with his leg bandaged after a bad fall halfway along the course, he was cheered on by the last remaining spectators.My country didn’t send me to Mexico to start the race. They sent me to finish it!” Tanzanian runner John-Stephen AkhwariMELTED HOPESThe men’s 10,000m speed skating event at St Moritz (SUI) in 1928 holds a unique place in Olympic history – it is the only competition without a winner. Rising temperatures melted the ice on the track, prompting officials to cancel the event. Rainfall then prevented the race being rescheduled before the end of the Games, and so no medals were awarded.THEY SAID ITBroadcasting the Olympic GamesLondon 1948 was the first Games to broadcast coverage to people’s homeswas the first Summer Games to feature...live colour broadcastsslow motion replaysKey facts and figures from inside the Olympic MovementFun facts and quotes from the IOC Olympic Studies Centre – your source of Olympic knowledgeLive mobile coverage was first introduced for the Turin 2006 Olympic Winter Games412 channels around the world broadcast Sochi 2014 coverage – 72% more than Vancouver 201013% growth in the global TV audience from 2010 to 2014people watched the Beijing 2008 Opening Ceremony, the biggest global audience in TV historyFAST FACTSDID YOU KNOW?* at least one minute of coverage. All information sourced from IOC and OBS reportsWHO’S READING OLYMPIC REVIEW?Who: Spanish figure skater Javier Fernández enjoys issue 93 of Olympic Review.Where: ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final 2014-15, Barcelona.The record number of hours of coverage broadcast across all media platforms at Sochi 20143.7people watched coverage of London 2012*1.5bnAthens 2004 broadcast live internet coverage of events for the first time(a record)Visit us here:www.olympic.org/studies24 OLYMPIC REVIEW
BEFORE THE WORLD SAW THEM AS OLYMPIANS,MOM SAW THEIR POTENTIAL.
Never before in history have so many people been threatened with interference with their basic right to exist. In most cases, it is not individual human rights which are violated; rather the abuses form a whole chain: the persecution of people who think differently, particularly political opponents; the persecution of critical journalists; the control of opinions expressed on the internet; the threat to certain identities; discrimination on sexual grounds; racism, xenophobia and religious intolerance; the persecution of ethnic minorities and torture; the disappearance of individuals; the massacre of peoples; and not least the ongoing use of the death penalty in over 60 countries. All these point to a comprehensive, global abuse of human rights.The contribution which sport can make to the respect for human rights is quite considerable. In my own dealings with various Olympic sports and in my studies of the value of sport, I have found that the list of values which mark out Olympic sport can be led by the principle of fair play. This is a component part of the modern sports system and, if neglected, sport leaves itself endangered. Closely linked to this is the value of human dignity. One’s own integrity and that of one’s opponent are necessary conditions for Olympic sport to have an educational function, for a pedagogical quality to be assigned to the Olympic Movement and for Olympism to be considered as a cultural asset. For me, the following values are particularly noteworthy here: respect for others, giving one’s best, teamwork, joy, hard work, self-discipline, self-esteem, openness to people of other ethnicities and races, patience, courage to innovate, solidarity, openness to different sexual orientations, the desire to compete and the will to win. The values system that marks Olympism out decisively from an ethical point of view and makes it highly significant from an educational point of view is almost all-embracing. Despite this particular quality, almost as a matter of course, the world of politics demands boycotts of major sports events when they are held in countries in which human rights are violated. Yet experience thus far of boycotting events has proved somewhat negative, and there are few viable arguments in favour of future boycott measures. Even less sustainable is the demand that the choice of hosts for major events be subject to the condition that human rights are respected and that athletes should not take part if there are human rights abuses in their home countries. If this were a condition, it would no longer be possible to hold the Olympic Games or other major events. The global character of sports events would be called into question and the number of participating nations dramatically reduced. Nor has the question been answered as to who would decide whether human rights are sufficiently respected in a particular country. It is precisely the possibilities that sport offers in terms of human rights and the positive development of human rights in the world that should encourage organisations to hold their competitions at regular intervals in countries in which there are considerable abuses.Sport allows people from different countries to encounter one another. Athletes from over 200 countries and territories take part in the Olympic Games. They spend more than two weeks living in an athletes’ village, eating together, meeting one another and, where their language skills permit, talking to one another. They train together and compete against one another in the most varied of disciplines. The Games are a huge communications opportunity, unique from both qualitative and quantitative points of view. No comparable possibilities exist within literature or music, and never in politics. The mere fact that more than 10,000 athletes come together at the Olympic Games demonstrates their special cultural value. At the Games a global form of international competition tourism can be seen. Spectators meet millions of other local and international spectators and have the chance to experience international understanding. At the London 2012 Olympic Games alone, more than four million people came together as a result of the Games.This possibility for people to meet one another is the particular service that international sport can offer a world in which there are political conflicts and respect for human rights is an important issue. Sport can make a fundamental contribution to achieving a better world, regardless of where the sports event is taking place. Its humanitarian contribution should not be underestimated. Its effect may sometimes be extremely short-lived, but that is not the fault of sport; ensuring respect for human rights and peace is very much the job of politics. Sport must not be measured by this task. However, if it can make a useful contribution, this can only be seen as a good thing. ■Professor Dr Helmut Digel is Director of the Institute of Sport Science at the University of Tübingen, GermanyIN THIS NEW COLUMN REFLECTING PERSONAL VIEWPOINTS ABOUT THE OLYMPIC MOVEMENT, PROFESSOR DR HELMUT DIGEL CONSIDERS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN CONNECTION WITH THE OLYMPIC GAMES AND MAJOR SPORTS EVENTSBEYOND THE RINGSHUMAN RIGHTS AND MAJOR SPORTS EVENTS26 OLYMPIC REVIEW COLUMNOLY070_

WHAT’S TRENDING?THE LATEST SOCIAL MEDIA POSTS ON THE OLYMPIC ATHLETES’ HUB FROM AROUND THE WORLDSunday training. Bike tour!Brazilian rower Fabiana Beltrame takes in the sights of Rio during a training rideFabiana Beltrame11 JanuaryFruit salads and #chiaseedsFrench figure skater Vanessa James reveals her breakfast of choiceVanessa James13 January93,377 FansTop Followed AthletesCristiano RonaldoPortugal153,853,027 fansLionel MessiArgentina90,048,160 fansNeymar JúniorBrazil84,907,481 fansLeBron JamesUSA50,738,660 fansRonaldinho GaúchoBrazil45,171,734 fans6,144Athlete Profiles5.7m+PostsDownload the Athletes’ Hub App on Play and IOS storesOLYMPIC ATHLETES’ HUB28 OLYMPIC REVIEW Images from Getty Images and social media accounts. Information correct as of 2 March 2015Olympic boxing champion Nicola Adams is happy to be back in the ring Nicola Adams6 JanuaryIt feels good to be back at GB Boxing training!
The Olympic Athletes’ Hub allows you to follow what verified Olympians are up to on social media. Follow more than 6,000 Olympians and access over five million posts at hub.olympic.orgIt has been exactly a week since my greatest result in the World Championships and it still feels like it was yesterday. I would like to thank each and every one of you for standing by my side and for all the nice wishes and comments. This is a photo of the best crew standing behind me and they deserve to be thanked! Slovenian snowboarder Tim-Kevin Ravnjak thanks his crew after winning halfpipe bronze at the 2015 FIS World Snowboard ChampionshipsTim-Kevin Ravnjak23 January33,421 FansThank you everybody!!! Can’t believe I’m European champion!!!!!! Great Britain’s Elise Christie shares her joy after claiming the overall European short-track title by winning gold in the 500m and 1500m at the 2015 European ChampionshipsI blew a bubble as big as my face!!!! #bubblegum #mybubbles #hehehe #bubblesbubblesbubbles USA skier Mikaela Shiffrin, the reigning Olympic, World Cup and world champion in slalom, is clearly a world-class bubble-blower as wellThis is what Saturday mornings are all about. USA middle-distance runner Jenny Simpson shows off her baking skillsJenny Simpson24 JanuaryUsain Bolt6 JanuaryNew Year, Same Mission, Same Goals #workneverstop #ForeverFaster #2015 Jamaican sprinter Usain Bolt doesn’t let the New Year celebrations get in the way of his trainingOLYMPIC ATHLETES’ HUBOLYMPIC REVIEW 29ipsElise Christie26 JanuaryMikaela Shiffrin22 JanuaryOLY070_
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THE ROAD TO THE FUTURETHE IOC’S HISTORIC APPROVAL OF THE OLYMPIC AGENDA 2020 RECOMMENDATIONS IN MONACO PROVIDES THE OLYMPIC MOVEMENT WITH A STRATEGIC ROADMAP FOR THE FUTURE, AS OSSIAN SHINE REPORTSOLYMPIC REVIEW 31OLYMPIC AGENDA 2020OLY070_
The smile on IOC President Thomas Bach’s face said it all. Over 12 long hours at the 127th IOC Session in Monaco, the organisation’s Members had ushered in 40 innovative recommendations as part of Olympic Agenda 2020, which will define the modern Olympic Movement for decades to come.This “strategic roadmap for the future of the Olympic Movement” had been a key priority for President Bach since his election in September 2013, and he was clearly delighted to see the full membership of the IOC unanimously approve the recommendations. “Even in my wildest dreams I would not have expected this,” admitted Bach, when asked if he’d ever imagined the reforms would have been adopted in such a swift and efficient manner.The debate and voting on Olympic Agenda 2020 were scheduled to last two days, but such was the support for the 20+20 recommendations that the process concluded on the first day of the Session in December 2014. “It showed the great determination of the Members for these reforms, to make this progress, to make it happen,” explained Bach. “You could get a certain feeling after the Opening Ceremony when many Members came and showed and explained their determination and support. But still, that it would go like this was a really very, very positive support, because it followed after a very constructive discussion.”The Olympic Agenda 2020 vote marked the culmination of more than a year of open, transparent and widespread debate and discussion on the future direction of the Olympic Movement, which began in mid-2013. Following the 126th IOC Session in Sochi in February 2014, the IOC invited sporting organisations and members of the public to participate in the reform process, with more than 40,000 ideas and contributions received.Discussions on Olympic Agenda 2020 were then conducted by 14 Working Groups, which were made up of key stakeholders of the Olympic Movement, including IOC Members, athletes and representatives of the International Federations (IFs) and National Olympic Committees (NOCs). Representatives of leading international organisations, NGOs and business organisations – including the United Nations, Google, Transparency International, the World Bank and the Victoria & Albert Museum in London – were also invited to participate in discussions, with the ideas then further developed by the IOC Commissions, an Olympic Summit and the IOC Executive Board.“We have had discussions for more than a year,” said President Bach. “Today there were 83 interventions, all constructive with good questions, and I know that for many Members, some of the recommendations were not easy to swallow. Some would have liked to see no recommendations or a different recommendation, but that is what made this day so special and so encouraging; when it came to the vote, regardless of their own interest or their own position, they were determined to make this Olympic Agenda 2020 a success. I have really high respect for them acting in this way.”The 40 innovations include radical changes to how cities will bid to host Olympic Games, making the process far cheaper. Would-be hosts will be able to stage events in other cities and, in some cases, other countries. An Invitation Phase will also be introduced, where potential candidates can first discuss plans with the IOC before deciding whether to launch a bid to stage the Games. This will help head off situations where cities spend money on early campaigns, only to pull out mid-way through the process. “These changes do contemplate different cities and countries hosting the Games, and this is for reasons of sustainability,” explained IOC Vice-President John Coates, who led the working group looking at the bid process. “The compactness of the Games has to be weighed up against the benefit of using existing venues.”Another headline innovation adopted included rule tweaks allowing, under certain conditions, more sports to feature Previous spread IOC Members show their unanimous approval for Olympic Agenda 2020 at the 127th IOC Session in MonacoAbove President Bach outlines the Olympic Agenda 2020 reformsOLYMPIC AGENDA 202032 OLYMPIC REVIEW
on the Olympic programme. This will open up the possibility of host cities being able to satisfy domestic markets by staging the events that are most popular with the local fan-base.“We took the right decisions with a vision for the future of the Olympic Movement,” explained President Bach. “We are getting the Olympic Movement closer to the youth and the people, and are really fostering our relations with society at large. This really is a major step forward in the modernisation of the Olympic Games.”Few could disagree with President Bach’s declaration. Certainly, the sense of energy and optimism in Monaco had been palpable, as the world of sport was universal in its praise for the IOC’s firm embrace of its new path. World Rugby Chairman Bernard Lapasset spoke for many when he described his excitement at the reforms. “As a modern, thriving sport, rugby is acutely aware of the importance of youth, sustainability and credibility in an increasingly congested entertainment and sporting landscape,” he said. “We are excited about rugby sevens at the Rio 2016 Olympic Games, and the adoption of Agenda 2020 heightens our enthusiasm.”While many IFs welcomed the increased flexibility in the composition of the sports programme, President Bach was eager to underline the circumstances required for any prospective changes to take place. “There are various options,” he said. “There are approximately 10,500 athletes. If an Organising Committee is coming up with a proposal, then there is an opportunity to increase this number. But this has to be part of the proposal of the Organising Committee. When they propose a new event or new sport they also have to propose a plan with regard to financing, with regard to organisation and with regard to logistics.”Other major innovations introduced included the creation of an Olympic digital TV channel, and a new policy to guard against discrimination based on sexual orientation, a term that had not featured in the Olympic Charter’s Principle 6 anti-discrimination clause. “I see flexibility to create diversity,” Bach said. “This is the most important thing; we are living in a diverse world. We consider this diversity to be an enrichment. Therefore when we say we are flexible, that means not only that we respect diversity but that we encourage diversity.“The picture we see is progress. The picture is progress in safeguarding the uniqueness of the Games, the picture is progress in promoting Olympic values, and the picture is progress in strengthening sport in society.”President Bach’s fellow IOC Members were unequivocal in their praise for the adoption of the Olympic Agenda 2020 recommendations. Association of National Olympic Committees (ANOC) President Sheikh Ahmad Al-Fahad Al-Sabah described the landslide vote as “an historic day in the future development of the Olympic Movement” as he congratulated President Bach and his fellow Members for what he described as a significant step towards a better and healthier future.“The unanimous approval of the 40 recommendations is a testament to the process of collaboration and cooperation that the IOC has undergone under President Bach’s leadership over the last year,” said Sheikh Al-Sabah. “I was delighted to address the IOC Session and deliver a message of support from the 204 NOCs. The NOCs have taken an active part in the discussions on Olympic Agenda 2020 and we have every confidence these recommendations will benefit the entire Olympic Movement. We look forward to working closely with President Bach and the IOC over the coming months and years.”For Russian IOC Member Vitaly Smirnov the issue at hand had been a very simple one: “To change or to be changed,” he told his colleagues. “And I am pleased to see IOC Members lived up to the challenge. I am sure that our decisions will further strengthen our Olympic Movement and further enhance the role of the IOC in society. An important step has been taken and now comes implementation time. The depths of your reforms have already profoundly improved the IOC.”As he reflected on what he called “an amazing day”, President Bach was able to look ahead to what he hopes will be a bright future for the Olympic Movement. “We are really going in the right direction,” he said. “I hope that after 20 years we can look back at this Below Session as a real success.” ■Host cities such as Tokyo in 2020 will have the opportunity to propose a new event or new sport‘WE ARE GETTING THE OLYMPIC MOVEMENT CLOSER TO THE YOUTH AND THE PEOPLE, AND ARE REALLY FOSTERING OUR RELATIONS WITH SOCIETY AT LARGE’IOC PRESIDENT THOMAS BACH OLYMPIC AGENDA 2020OLYMPIC REVIEW 33
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OLYMPIC REVIEW 35OLYMPIC AGENDA 2020OLYMPIC AGENDA 2020: A TIME FOR CHANGE OLYMPIC REVIEW PRESENTS THE FULL LIST OF THE 40 RECOMMENDATIONS THAT WERE UNANIMOUSLY APPROVED AT THE 127TH IOC SESSION AND WILL SHAPE THE FUTURE OF THE OLYMPIC MOVEMENTOLY070_
OLYMPIC AGENDA 2020‘ONLY CHILDREN PLAYING SPORT CAN BE FUTURE ATHLETES. WE WANT TO INSPIRE THESE CHILDREN BY GIVING THEM BETTER ACCESS TO SPORT’IOC PRESIDENT THOMAS BACH
OLYMPIC REVIEW 37RECOMMENDATION 1 Shape the bidding process as an invitation Introduce a new philosophy: the IOC to invite potential candidate cities to present an Olympic project that best matches their sports, economic, social and environmental long-term planning needs.1. The IOC to introduce an assistance phase during which cities considering a bid will be advised by the IOC about bid procedures, core Games requirements and how previous cities have ensured positive bid and Games legacies.2. The IOC to actively promote the maximum use of existing facilities and the use of temporary and demountable venues.3. The IOC to allow, for the Olympic Games, the organisation of preliminary competitions outside the host city or, in exceptional cases, outside the host country, notably for reasons of sustainability.4. The IOC to allow, for the Olympic Games, the organisation of entire sports or disciplines outside the host city or, in exceptional cases, outside the host country notably for reasons of geography and sustainability.5. The IOC to include in the Host City Contract (HCC) clauses with regard to Fundamental Principle 6 of the Olympic Charter as well as to environmental and labour-related matters.6. The IOC to make the HCC public.7. The HCC to include details of the IOC’s financial contribution to the OCOG.8. Respect third-party legal interests by making contractual elements available on an “in-confidence” basis.9. The IOC to accept other signatories to the HCC than the host city and the NOC, in line with the local context.10. The IOC to provide the HCC at the outset of a given bid process.RECOMMENDATION 2 Evaluate bid cities by assessing key opportunities and risks The report of the Evaluation Commission to present a more explicit risk and opportunity assessment with a strong focus on sustainability and legacy.1. Introduce into the existing 14 Candidate City evaluation criteria a new criterion entitled: The Athletes’ Experience.2. The IOC to consider as positive aspects for a bid: the maximum use of existing facilities and the use of temporary and demountable venues where no long-term venue legacy need exists or can be justified.3. The IOC, in collaboration with Olympic Movement stakeholders, to define core requirements for hosting the Olympic Games. The field of play for the athletes to always be state-of-the-art for all competitions and to form part of the core requirements.4. The IOC to clarify the elements for the two different budgets related to the organisation of the Olympic Games: long-term investment in infrastructure and return on such investment on the one hand, and the operational budget on the other hand. Furthermore, the IOC contribution to the Games to be further communicated and promoted.5. The Candidate City Briefing to include an in-camera discussion between the IOC Members and the IOC Evaluation Commission.6. The Commission to benefit from third-party, independent advice in such areas as social, economic and political conditions, with a special focus on sustainability and legacy.RECOMMENDATION 3 Reduce the cost of bidding The IOC to further assist Candidate Cities and reduce the cost of bidding.1. The Candidate Cities to be allowed to attend and make presentations only to: • IOC Members during the Candidate City Briefing; • ASOIF/AIOWF respectively. This presentation may be combined with the Candidate City Briefing; • ANOC General Assembly preceding the vote; and • IOC Session at which the host city is elected.2. The IOC to bear the following costs: • costs incurred in relation to the visit of the IOC Evaluation Commission; • travel and accommodation for six accredited delegates for the Candidate City Briefing to IOC Members in Lausanne; • travel and accommodation for six accredited delegates for the Candidate City briefing to the ASOIF/AIOWF respectively; • travel and accommodation for six accredited delegates for the ANOC General Assembly; and • travel and accommodation for 12 accredited delegates for the IOC Session at which the host city is elected.3. Publication of the Candidature File to be in electronic format only.4. The IOC to create and monitor a register of consultants/lobbyists eligible to work for a bid city. Formal acceptance of the IOC Code of Ethics and Code of Conduct by such consultants/lobbyists as a prerequisite for listing in the register.5. The IOC to give access to bid cities, upon their request, to the Olympic Channel, if the creation of such a Channel is approved.RECOMMENDATION 4 Include sustainability in all aspects of the Olympic Games The IOC to take a more proactive position and leadership role with regard to sustainability and ensure that it is included in all aspects of the planning and staging of the Olympic Games.1. Develop a sustainability strategy to enable potential and actual Olympic Games organisers to integrate and implement sustainability measures that encompass economic, social and environmental spheres in all stages of their project.2. Assist newly elected Organising Committees to establish the best possible governance for the integration of sustainability throughout the organisation.3. The IOC to ensure post-Games monitoring of the Games legacy with the support of the NOC and external organisations such as the World Union of Olympic Cities (UMVO).RECOMMENDATION 5Include sustainability within the Olympic Movement’s daily operationsThe IOC to embrace sustainability principles:1. The IOC to include sustainability in its day-to-day operations: • The IOC to include sustainability in its procurement of goods and services, as well as events organisation (meetings, conferences, etc). • The IOC to reduce its travel impact and offset its carbon emissions. • The IOC to apply the best possible sustainability standards for the consolidation of its Headquarters in Lausanne.2. The IOC to engage and assist Olympic Movement stakeholders in integrating sustainability within their own organisation and operations by: • developing recommendations; • providing tools, e.g. best practices and scorecards; OLYMPIC AGENDA 2020OLY070_
OLYMPIC AGENDA 202038 OLYMPIC REVIEW • providing mechanisms to ensure the exchange of information between Olympic stakeholders; and • using existing channels, such as Olympic Solidarity, to help and assist in implementing initiatives.3. To achieve the above, the IOC to cooperate with relevant expert organisations such as UNEP.RECOMMENDATION 6 Cooperate closely with other sports event organisers Cooperate closely with other sports event organisers:1. The IOC and the International World Games Association (IWGA) to closely cooperate regarding the sports programme composition and their respective evaluations.2. The IOC and the International Masters Games Association (IMGA) to study the possibility for Olympic Games host cities to benefit from an option to organise the Masters Games in the years following the Olympic Games.3. The IOC to consider including a “sports lab” or sports initiation programmes as part of the Olympic Games or Youth Olympic Games to trigger youth involvement and benefit the host community.RECOMMENDATION 7 Strengthen relationships with organisations managing sport for people with different abilitiesStrengthen relationships with organisations managing sport for people with different abilities, with a view to exploiting synergies in all possible areas, including: • technical assistance; • communication activities; and • promotion of events via the Olympic Channel.RECOMMENDATION 8 Forge relationships with professional leagues Invest in and forge relationships with professional leagues and structures via the respective International Federations with the aim of: • ensuring participation by the best athletes; • recognising the different nature and constraints of each of the professional leagues; and • adopting the most appropriate collaboration model on an ad-hoc basis in cooperation with each relevant International Federation.RECOMMENDATION 9 Set a framework for the Olympic programme Set limits for accreditations:1. The IOC to limit the number of athletes, officials and events for the Games of the Olympiad to approximately: • 10,500 athletes • 5,000 accredited coaches and athletes’ support personnel • 310 events2. The IOC to limit the number of athletes, officials and events for the Olympic Winter Games to approximately: • 2,900 athletes • 2,000 accredited coaches and athletes’ support personnel • 100 events3. The IOC to study ways in which the overall number of other accreditations at the Olympic Games can be reduced.RECOMMENDATION 10Move from a sport-based to an event-based programmeMove from a sport-based to an event-based programme:1. Regular reviews of the programme to be based on events rather than sports, with the involvement of the International Federations, and with the following restrictions to be respected: • For the Games of the Olympiad: approximately 10,500 athletes, 5,000 accredited coaches and athletes’ support personnel, and 310 events. • For the Winter Games, approximately 2,900 athletes, 2,000 accredited coaches and athletes’ support personnel, and 100 events.2. The IOC Session to decide on the inclusion of any sport (IF) in the programme.3. The IOC to allow the OCOGs to make a proposal for the inclusion of one or more additional events on the Olympic programme for that edition of the Olympic Games. RECOMMENDATION 11 Foster gender equality Foster gender equality:1. The IOC to work with the International Federations to achieve 50 per cent female participation in the Olympic Games and to stimulate women’s participation and involvement in sport by creating more participation opportunities at the Olympic Games.2. The IOC to encourage the inclusion of mixed-gender team events.RECOMMENDATION 12 Reduce the cost and reinforce the flexibility of Olympic Games management Reduce the cost and reinforce the flexibility of Olympic Games management:1. The IOC to establish a transparent management procedure for any change of requirements, regardless of its initiator, in order to reduce costs. 2. The IOC, with the stakeholders, to systematically review the level of services, Games preparation and delivery, with a view to containing cost and complexity. Regular proposals will be made in this respect. 3. The IOC to consider the provision of turnkey solutions for OCOGs in areas which require highly specific Olympic expertise.RECOMMENDATION 13 Maximise synergies with Olympic Movement stakeholders Maximise synergies with Olympic Movement stakeholders to ensure seamless organisation and reduce costs:1. The IOC to enhance the role of the International Federations (IFs) in the planning and delivery of the Olympic competitions, including the study of transferring technical responsibilities from the OCOGs to the IFs.2. The IOC to focus the role of the IOC Coordination Commission on key issues and validation of service levels.RECOMMENDATION 14 Strengthen the 6th Fundamental Principle of Olympism The IOC to include non-discrimination on sexual orientation in the 6th Fundamental Principle of Olympism. RECOMMENDATION 15 Change the philosophy to protecting clean athletes The IOC’s ultimate goal is to protect clean athletes. RECOMMENDATION 16 Leverage the IOC USD 20 million fund to protect clean athletes The IOC to use its extra USD 20 million “Protection of clean athletes” fund:
OLYMPIC REVIEW 39OLYMPIC SOLIDARITY1. USD 10 million to develop robust education and awareness programmes on the risks of match-fixing, any kind of manipulation of competitions and related corruption.2. USD 10 million to support projects offering a new scientific approach to anti-doping.RECOMMENDATION 17 Honour clean athletes Honour clean athletes who are awarded an Olympic medal following a doping case:1. Formal ceremonies to be organised for medal-winners who receive their Olympic medal following the disqualification of a competitor.2. The ceremony to be properly communicated by all parties concerned.RECOMMENDATION 18 Strengthen support to athletes Strengthen support to athletes:1. The IOC to put the athletes’ experience at the heart of the Olympic Games.2. The IOC to further invest in supporting athletes on and off the field of play.RECOMMENDATION 19 Launch an Olympic Channel The IOC to launch an Olympic Channel.RECOMMENDATION 20 Enter into strategic partnerships The IOC to open up to cooperation and network with competent and internationally recognised organisations and NGOs to increase the impact of its programmes. RECOMMENDATION 21 Strengthen IOC advocacy capacity Strengthen IOC advocacy capacity: • The IOC to advocate to intergovernmental organisations and agencies. • The IOC to encourage and assist NOCs in their advocacy efforts.RECOMMENDATION 22 Spread Olympic values-based education Spread Olympic values-based education:1. The IOC to strengthen its partnership with UNESCO to include sport and its values in school curricula worldwide.2. The IOC to devise an electronic platform to share Olympic values-based education programmes of different NOCs and other organisations.3. The IOC to identify and support initiatives that can help spread the Olympic values.RECOMMENDATION 23 Engage with communities Engage with communities:1. Create a virtual hub for athletes.2. Create a virtual club of volunteers.3. Engage with the general public.4. Engage with youth. RECOMMENDATION 24 Evaluate the Sport for Hope programme Evaluate the Sport for Hope programme:1. The IOC to evaluate the success and impacts of the Sport for Hope programme over the next two to three years and, in the meantime, limit the programme to the two existing centres in Haiti and Zambia.2. The IOC to develop a sustainable operational model for the two existing Sport for Hope centres and invite other NGOs to contribute their particular areas of expertise, with the goal of having the centres become self-sufficient, managed and operated by another entity, and no longer reliant on the direct heavy investment and support of the IOC.3. The IOC to define further strategy of investment in locally adapted grassroots sport facilities, building on the experience and lessons learned from the Olympafrica model.RECOMMENDATION 25 Review Youth Olympic Games positioning The IOC to review with the stakeholders the positioning of the Youth Olympic Games:1. The IOC Executive Board to set up a tripartite commission with the NOCs and IFs to review in depth the vision, mission, positioning, sports programme, Culture and Education Programme (CEP), protocol, organisation, delivery and financing of the Youth Olympic Games, and to come back to the IOC Session for final discussions and decisions.2. The IOC to move the organisation of the YOG to a non-Olympic year, starting with the 4th Summer Youth Olympic Games, to be postponed from 2022 to 2023.RECOMMENDATION 26 Further blend sport and culture Further strengthen the blending of sport and
OLYMPIC SOLIDARITY40 OLYMPIC REVIEW culture at the Olympic Games and in between.1. At Games time: • Create the Olympic Laurel award for outstanding contributions to Olympism (culture, education, development and peace) at every edition of the Olympic Games. The award ceremony to take place during one of the ceremonies. The recipient of the “Olympic Laurel” to be nominated by a jury including independent highly respected personalities. • Study the development of an Olympic House to welcome the general public to engage in a dialogue with the Olympic Movement. • Study an “Olympic Museum on the move” concept to introduce Olympic culture to the general public in the context of the torch relay, live sites and/or the Cultural Olympiad. • Develop an artists-in-residence programme.2. Between Olympic Games: • Study how to develop an impactful commissioned artists programme to engage a steady and authentic interaction with global cultural players and build a dynamic legacy. • Encourage NOCs to appoint an “attaché” for Olympic culture.RECOMMENDATION 27 Comply with basic principles of good governance All organisations belonging to the Olympic Movement to accept and comply with the Basic Universal Principles of Good Governance of the Olympic and Sports Movement (“PGG”):1. Such compliance to be monitored and evaluated. Supporting tools and processes can be provided by the IOC in order to help organisations become compliant with the principles of good governance, if necessary.2. Organisations to be responsible for running self-evaluation on a regular basis. The IOC to be regularly informed of the results of the organisations’ self-evaluations. In the event of missing such information, the IOC to request such an evaluation at its discretion.3. The PGG to be updated periodically, emphasising the necessity for transparency, integrity and opposition to any form of corruption.RECOMMENDATION 28 Support autonomyThe IOC to create a template to facilitate cooperation between national authorities and sports organisations in a country. RECOMMENDATION 29 Increase transparencyTo further increase transparency: 1. The financial statements of the IOC to be prepared and audited according to the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), even if these higher standards are legally not required from the IOC. 2. The IOC to produce an annual activity and financial report, including the allowance policy for IOC Members.
OLYMPIC REVIEW 41OLYMPIC AGENDA 2020RECOMMENDATION 30 Strengthen the IOC Ethics Commission independenceThe Chair and the members of the IOC Ethics Commission to be elected by the IOC Session. RECOMMENDATION 31 Ensure compliance The IOC to establish within the administration a position of compliance officer, to:1. Advise the IOC Members, IOC staff, NOCs, IFs and all other stakeholders of the Olympic Movement with regard to compliance.2. Give advice on new developments with regard to compliance.RECOMMENDATION 32 Strengthen ethics The IOC Ethics Commission to review the Code of Ethics and its Rules of Procedure to be fully aligned with the Olympic Agenda 2020 drive for more transparency, good governance and accountability. RECOMMENDATION 33 Further involve sponsors in “Olympism in Action” programmesThe IOC to adopt measures for TOP Partners to be integrated into the funding, promotion and implementation of IOC “Olympism in Action” activities and to strengthen sponsors’ recognition in this respect:1. The IOC to define specifically which “Olympism in Action” programmes would help drive the Olympic brand.2. The IOC to streamline “Olympism in Action” initiatives behind a few core ones which sponsors can “anchor” onto and which align with the central vision of “building a better world through sport”.3. The IOC to review and understand what partnering with each TOP can offer in terms of furthering the IOC “Olympism in Action” goals.4. TOP Partners to be engaged by IOC TMS to co-construct future “Olympism in Action” initiatives.5. Enhance recognition of partners’ involvement in “Olympism in Action” programmes.RECOMMENDATION 34 Develop a global licensing programme The IOC to develop a global licensing programme, placing the emphasis on promotion rather than on revenue generation.RECOMMENDATION 35 Foster TOP sponsors’ engagement with NOCs The IOC to create a programme in view of increasing engagement between TOPs and NOCs:1. The IOC to adapt tailor-made measures to increase TOP local activation and synergies with NOCs. Support individual NOCs and sponsors in developing and increasing sponsorship activations on a local level using the NOCs’ assets.2. The IOC to create IOC Marketing Seminars for NOCs in collaboration with Olympic Solidarity and ANOC to provide information on Olympic marketing and best practices. The seminar programme for all NOCs will enhance and develop the marketing and servicing capabilities of NOCs to engage with sponsors to better support and maximise sponsorship activations. The existing training pool for NOCs will be a key component of the seminar programme.3. The IOC to consider contractual obligations to be included in TOP Partner agreements to facilitate TOP engagement with NOCs.RECOMMENDATION 36 Extend access to the Olympic brand for non-commercial useExtend access to the Olympic brand for non-commercial use.RECOMMENDATION 37 Address IOC membership age limit Address IOC membership age limit: • The IOC Session, upon the recommendation of the IOC Executive Board, may decide a one-time extension of an IOC Member’s term of office for a maximum of four years, beyond the current age limit of 70. • This extension to be applied in a maximum of five cases at a given time. • The Nominations Commission to be consulted.RECOMMENDATION 38 Implement a targeted recruitment process Move from an application to a targeted recruitment process for IOC membership:1. The Nominations Commission to take a more proactive role in identifying the right candidates to fill vacancies in order to best fulfil the mission of the IOC.2. The profile of candidates to comply with a set of criteria – to be submitted by the Nominations Commission to the IOC Executive Board for approval – inter alia: • The IOC’s needs in terms of skills and knowledge (e.g. medical expertise, sociological expertise, cultural expertise, political expertise, business expertise, legal expertise, sports management expertise, etc.) • Geographic balance, as well as a maximum number of representatives from the same country • Gender balance • The existence of an athletes’ commission within the organisation for representatives of IFs/NOCs3. The IOC Session to be able to grant a maximum of five special case exceptions for individual Members with regard to the nationality criteria.RECOMMENDATION 39 Foster dialogue with society and within the Olympic MovementFoster dialogue with society and within the Olympic Movement:1. The IOC to study the creation of an “Olympism in Action” Congress that would take the pulse of society every four years: • Bring together representatives of the Olympic Movement, its stakeholders and representatives of civil society. • Engage in a dialogue with representatives from all walks of life and backgrounds on the role of sport and its values in society. • Discuss the contribution of the Olympic Movement to society in fields such as education, cohesion, development, etc.2. The IOC to turn the Session into an interactive discussion among IOC Members on key strategic topics, with interventions from external guest speakers.RECOMMENDATION 40 Review scope and composition of IOC commissions1. The President to review the scope and composition of the IOC commissions, to align them with the Olympic Agenda 2020.2. The IOC Executive Board to determine the priorities for implementation of the recommendations.
AT THE HEART OF THE PROCESSSINCE THE VERY FIRST DISCUSSIONS ON OLYMPIC AGENDA 2020, THE ATHLETES HAVE BEEN INVOLVED EVERY STEP OF THE WAY. CLAUDIA BOKEL, CHAIR OF THE IOC ATHLETES’ COMMISSION, EXPLAINS THE ATHLETES’ ROLE IN THE PROCESS AND THE IMPACT THE CHANGES WILL HAVEOverall, from the athletes’ perspective, we are very happy with all the recommendations for Olympic Agenda 2020, many of which will directly benefit the athletes themselves.In particular, I think they will be pleased with the recommendation to protect clean athletes; that is a very important issue from an athlete’s point of view, whether it’s with regards to anti-doping or corruption. I also know that the change to the 6th Fundamental Principle of Olympism to include sexual orientation was something that many athletes were keen to see implemented, while the recommendation to place more emphasis on the athletes’ experience throughout the Games bidding process can only be a good thing moving forward.I was part of the whole Olympic Agenda 2020 process and I believe that LeftClaudia Bokel discusses the Olympic Agenda 2020 reforms with President Bachall 40 recommendations are extremely important, and in the end will benefit the athletes who are at the Games and who are preparing for the Games.I have seen – both as an Olympian and as part of the IOC – that the athletes have always played an important role in shaping the Games and the Olympic Movement, but I think Olympic Agenda 2020 takes it one step further. This process has now enabled us to prepare for the future, which is what athletes want to see. The world is changing and it is important that the Olympic Games and the Olympic Movement are part of that change, and that athletes are part of that change too. We, as the IOC Athletes’ Commission, made sure of that by playing an instrumental role in the Olympic Agenda 2020 discussions.Keeping athletes at the heart of the Olympic Movement was one of the five themes around which all the discussions were centred, and the Athletes’ Commission was heavily involved in the Working Groups that helped frame some of the key recommendations. I chaired the Protecting Clean Athletes working group myself, for example, and I think that shows that the input of the athletes is very important to the Olympic Movement.We made sure that we involved athletes in the process as much as we could and we received some incredible input from athletes all over the world. One key example is the adaption of Principle 6 to include sexual orientation, which is something that came out of our Athletes’ Commission, together with the input of different Athletes’ Commissions around the world. I think that shows how athletes are influencing the future of the Olympic Movement and demonstrates that athletes’ opinions were at the heart of the whole Olympic Agenda 2020 process.Now, it is up to us within the Athletes’ Commission to provide the same level of input on the implementation of these recommendations. ■‘THE WORLD IS CHANGING AND IT IS IMPORTANT THAT THE OLYMPIC GAMES AND THE OLYMPIC MOVEMENT ARE PART OF THAT CHANGE, AND THAT ATHLETES ARE PART OF THAT CHANGE TOO’ CLAUDIA BOKELOLYMPIC AGENDA 202042 OLYMPIC REVIEW
PUTTING WORDS INTO ACTIONLeftIn November 2014, past and present athletes – pictured here with President Bach – gave their input into the Agenda 2020 proposalsMANY ATHLETES ACTIVELY CONTRIBUTED TO THE OLYMPIC AGENDA 2020 PROCESS AND HELPED FRAME THE REFORMS. HERE, WE SHARE A SELECTION OF THEIR VIEWS“Agenda 2020 is really centred around the athletes – to benefit the athletes, give them the best experience at the Olympic Games and protect them as well. Having the athlete input ultimately is really important. For me, one thing that is very exciting is the Olympic Channel – putting Olympic sports, other sports, athlete profiles and the education side of things live on TV and online for everybody to see 365 days of the year, not once every four years. That will be very exciting to see around the world.” Jessica Fox (AUS, canoe slalom)I AM HAPPY TO SEE THAT THE IOC WANTS TO MOVE FORWARD FOR THE GOOD OF THE ATHLETES AND SPORT IN GENERAL.”STÉPHANE LAMBIEL (SUI, FIGURE SKATING)THE MAIN THING THAT WAS VERY IMPORTANT FOR ME WAS TO REINFORCE THE FACT THAT THE ATHLETES ARE AT THE HEART OF THE MOVEMENT, AND THE IOC AND PRESIDENT BACH HAVE SHOWN THAT VERY CLEARLY.”KAVEH MEHRABI (IRI, BADMINTON)“I think change is good. We need change. The Olympic Channel will give taekwondo and other low-key sports more coverage, and enable people to know more about what they are. It’s a great honour to be part of [the discussion process], especially still being an athlete myself and still hoping to go to Rio and Tokyo.”Jade Jones (GBR, taekwondo)OLYMPIC AGENDA 2020OLYMPIC REVIEW 43OLY070_
OLYMPIC AGENDA 2020What was your reaction to the unanimous approval of all 40 Olympic Agenda 2020 recommendations?Monaco was the culmination of more than one year of painstaking activity. Our call for input on Olympic Agenda 2020 yielded some 40,000 submissions, 270 direct contributions and 1,200 concrete ideas, which were discussed by 14 Working Groups made up of our stakeholders, representatives from the United Nations, Google/YouTube, Transparency International, the Clinton Foundation, the Victoria & Albert Museum, the World Bank and others.What are the next steps to implement the reforms?It is critical that we utilise the momentum and energy we have created throughout the Olympic Movement and start implementing straight away. Several reforms are already underway. For example, we have already simplified the bidding process, shaping it as an invitation and reducing costs. The new Invitation Phase was brought in for the first time for the 2024 cities in January, but the IOC is also working closely with both 2022 Candidate Cities, Beijing and Almaty, and with Tokyo 2020 and PyeongChang 2018 to see how the spirit of these reforms can be taken into consideration.What other changes are being prioritised?We have approved the organisational structure of the Olympic Channel (Recommendation 19) at the Executive Board in Rio. The company, to be founded imminently, will have a share capital of CHF 1 million. Hiring of key management positions of the Channel will now go ahead. Our financial statements will be prepared and audited according to IFRS standards, even if from the legal perspective much less transparent standards would be sufficient. In addition, we will provide an annual activity and financial report. We have now established a position of Ethics and Compliance Officer in the IOC administration.Who will manage the changes and how will the process affect the day-to-day running of the IOC?The entire Olympic Movement is concerned by the changes brought by Olympic Agenda 2020. The Executive Board has now adopted the Implementation Plan for Olympic Agenda 2020, including timelines, costs and impact on the human resources and structure of the IOC.What can we expect from the Olympic Channel?Interest in the Olympic Games is higher now than ever, and recent editions have enjoyed record broadcast audiences around the world. The idea behind the Olympic Channel is to harness this global interest and extend it beyond the Games period in a way that will engage audiences, especially young audiences, in the power of what sport can do. The new Channel will provide young people with a personal connection to Olympic sports and Olympic athletes, and a platform to highlight the relevance of the Olympic values all year round.What innovations will be introduced by current host cities?All three of our current host cities – Rio de Janeiro, PyeongChang and Tokyo – followed the Olympic Agenda 2020 debate closely and some have already taken on board some of the suggestions, notably in terms of greater flexibility for the venues to provide greater sustainability. In the spirit of Olympic Agenda 2020, we have agreed to three venue changes to the master plan for the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games. These have already resulted in savings of USD 1 billion from the construction budget.How will the bidding process change for the 2024 Olympic Games?On 15 January, a letter was sent to all NOCs inviting them to discuss their proposals with the IOC and the potential assistance that the IOC can provide. Candidate Cities are being invited to make proposals for how they can organise the Games in a manner that reflects their sporting, economic and environmental Above IOC President Thomas Bach says that all IOC departments have begun to assimilate Olympic Agenda 2020 changesTHOMAS FROM IDEAS TO IMPLEMENTATIONFOLLOWING THE RESOUNDING ENDORSEMENT OF THE OLYMPIC AGENDA 2020 REFORMS, IOC PRESIDENT THOMAS BACH TELLS OLYMPIC REVIEW WHY IT IS CRITICAL THAT WORK HAS ALREADY STARTED ON IMPLEMENTATION44 OLYMPIC REVIEW
vision. Above all, sustainability and a lasting legacy are very important, as is placing athletes at the centre of the process. The Invitation Phase will last until 15 September when the Applicant Phase will start.What will the process be for considering new events for the Games?The Executive Board discussed the procedure and timeline regarding the composition of the Olympic sports programme (Recommendation 10). Regarding the addition of extra events to the programme of the Olympic Games in Tokyo in 2020, the IOC Executive Board will approve a set of criteria at its next meeting in June. Tokyo 2020 will subsequently submit its proposal to the IOC in September 2015. The IOC Programme Commission will then study the proposal and make a recommendation to the IOC Executive Board. A final decision is expected to be made at the IOC Session in Rio in 2016.The IOC has committed to protect clean athletes. How do you plan to do this?In keeping with Recommendation 16, we have allocated USD 20 million to a fund to protect clean athletes. We have allocated the first amount to an innovative research project initiated by Spanish researchers taking a fresh look at the testing procedures and sample-taking. USD 2.5 million have been allocated to set up workshops, beginning in April, for the prevention of match-fixing, manipulation and related corruption, in collaboration with INTERPOL. We have to consider every single cent in the fight against these evils not as an expense but as an investment in the future of Olympic sport and create robust education, awareness and prevention programmes.Is there a timeframe for when all 40 changes will be implemented?This is a strategic roadmap for the future of the Olympic Movement and implementation of many recommendations began immediately after their adoption at the Session in Monaco. Going forward, each Executive Board meeting will devote part of its agenda to the Olympic Agenda 2020 Implementation Plan, to ensure proper follow-up and delivery. I believe all 40 recommendations will be in place by 2020. ■JUMPING HURDLESCHANGE MANAGEMENT SPECIALIST GREG ORME OUTLINES THE ROAD AHEAD FOR THE IOC AS IT IMPLEMENTS OLYMPIC AGENDA 2020Working with complex, global organisations leaves me in no doubt: President Bach has his work cut out. Change is inherently difficult and scary as it asks people to let go of what they know and work outside their comfort zone. It’s also risky. Research shows only 60 per cent of change programmes meet their stated objectives. Finally, making change stick is a marathon (with added hurdles) rather than any event Usain Bolt would enter. Here’s how the IOC is jumping those hurdles: HURDLE 1FINDING A “WHY?” To drive change a leadership team needs to shake people out of a natural tendency for complacency. They need a compelling reason “why?” – a tangible sense of urgency. As a non-profit organisation the IOC doesn’t have a chorus of shareholders pressing for higher performance. And, counterintuitively, the successes of London 2012 and Sochi 2014 don’t help either. Instead, President Bach has used his “new broom” status to catalyse change. He should not be afraid to continue to bang the drum for a “Faster, Higher, Stronger” organisation. His argument can be simple: we live in an era of dizzying technological and social change. Any organisation that fails to adapt will eventually wither and die.HURDLE 2 WINNING SUPPORT The reason that organisations are difficult to change is they’re complicated systems made up of vested interests, rules and relationships. The IOC has grown organically over its 121-year history, the last 100 in a small city on the banks of Lake Geneva. Not surprisingly, the result is a relatively inward-looking, risk-averse, conservative culture. It’s also one of the most complex organisations in the world having to balance the interests of a dizzying cast of stakeholders: 205 National Olympic Committees spread over five continents, International Sports Federations, Organising Committees representing global cities – not to mention sports fans, the media and thousands of athletes. Drafting recommendations is relatively easy; persuading people to adopt them is hard. I advise my clients to adopt a rigorous, inclusive consultation process when developing strategy because it results in buy-in and better decision-making. The IOC has done precisely this, with a year of discussion and debate ultimately resulting in the unanimous approval of all 40 Olympic Agenda 2020 recommendations. HURDLE 3 CREATING A VISION The President has his vision, but it needs clarification. The key is focus and simplicity: deciding what you won’t do, as much as what you will. Are 40 recommendations too many to manage in an organisation convulsed every 24 months by an obligation to stage the biggest show on earth? The IOC needs to be honest with itself which recommendations take priority; this was decided at the Executive Board meeting in Rio at the end of February. It’s good to see the bid process reforms are already in place for the 2024 Olympic Games. HURDLE 4 MAINTAINING MOMENTUMNow the rest of the recommendations need to be carefully prioritised and implemented in a timeframe in line with the organisation’s capacity to manage change. It’s also wise to balance longer-term objectives such as the launching of an Olympic Channel with “quick wins” which maintain people’s enthusiasm and commitment. For an organisation as globally prominent as the IOC, it’s vital for people to see, hear and feel progress is being made. ■Greg Orme is a change management specialist, working with his own global clients as well as through London Business School. (www.gregorme.org)‘FOR AN ORGANISATION AS GLOBALLY PROMINENT AS THE IOC, IT’S VITAL TO SEE, HEAR AND FEEL PROGRESS IS BEING MADE’GREG ORMEOLYMPIC REVIEW 45OLYMPIC AGENDA 2020OLY070_
CLASSIC OLYMPIC IMAGES VANCOUVERSNOWBOARD HALFPIPE2010Shaun White was the king of Cypress Mountain during the Vancouver 2010 Olympic Winter Games. Such was the American’s dominance in the snowboard halfpipe that the reigning Olympic champion was already assured of the gold medal before he began his second run in the final. This multiple exposure, taken during practice before the final, highlights White’s extraordinary aerial skills. Photo: AFPOLY070_

THE OLYMPIC CAPITALIN 2015, THE IOC CELEBRATES 100 YEARS SINCE PIERRE DECOUBERTIN MOVED ITS HEADQUARTERS TO LAUSANNE. HERE, OLYMPIC HISTORIAN DAVID MILLER CHARTS THE ORGANISATION’S HISTORY IN THE SWISS CITY THAT HAS BECOME HOME TO A WEALTH OF SPORTING BODIES48 OLYMPIC REVIEW 100 YEARS IN LAUSANNEOLY070_
When educationalist Pierre de Coubertin transferred the headquarters of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) from France to the Swiss city of Lausanne, he will have been unaware of the extent of future benefits he bestowed upon his ideological sporting institution. What he wanted, in April 1915, was the physical security for Olympic archives amid the Great War – and Switzerland offered a perfect haven.For Coubertin, there were several compelling reasons to relocate the IOC to Lausanne, in addition to Swiss neutrality. Firstly, he knew the area well and had plenty of friends there, having spent many holidays on the shores of Lake Geneva. On a broader level, the city forged a link between the ancient and modern worlds of Olympism – just four years earlier, Lausanne had won an IOC architecture competition for its Olympic city project, “A Modern Olympia”.An official agreement to relocate was reached on 10 April 1915 at a meeting between the Mayor of Lausanne, Coubertin and the first Swiss IOC Member, Godefroy de Blonay. Reflecting on the decision, François Carrard, the Swiss who served as IOC Director-General during Juan Antonio Samaranch’s revolutionary presidency, understood all too clearly the advantages of residence in Lausanne. “Switzerland was then, and later, a favoured territory for welcoming such institutions, with its flexible legal structure for NGOs, even when effectively private. The League of Nations in ‘SWITZERLAND WAS THEN, AND LATER, A FAVOURED TERRITORY FOR WELCOMING SUCH INSTITUTIONS’FRANÇOIS CARRARD FORMER IOC DIRECTOR-GENERAL PicturedThe city of Lausanne is situated on the shores of Lake Geneva, with the Alps providing a beautiful backdropOLYMPIC REVIEW 49100 YEARS IN LAUSANNEOLY070_
AboveThe IOC’s first meeting in Lausanne was in 1913 at the Casino de Montbenon for its annual Sessionfoundered). Two years later in Lausanne, Paris and Amsterdam were respectively elected as host cities for the 1924 and 1928 Games. Also in 1921, aware of the IOC’s dependency on his private funding, Coubertin established an Executive Board in Lausanne to lessen his workload. Elected to this body were de Blonay (President); Jirí Guth-Jarkovský (Secretary-General, from Bohemia); Sigfrid Edström (Organising Chairman of Stockholm 1912 and founding President of the International Association of Athletics Federations); Marquis Melchior de Geneva was the first such international organisation,” Carrard reflects. Yet the identification of Lausanne as Olympic Capital would only become dramatically evident in the latter decades of the 20th century.The IOC had first gathered in Lausanne in 1913 for its annual Session, and less regular Congress, opening with a reception at the Casino de Montbenon. In those days the IOC membership comprised a plethora of titled aristocrats. The IOC felt suitably comfortable in the graceful environs of the lakeside resort. With Europe engulfed the following year in a conflict that was not to be swiftly concluded, Coubertin took a logical step, stating: “In the independent atmosphere which one breathes here, Olympism will find a guarantee of the liberty indispensable to its future.” Coubertin decided it was his duty to volunteer for service, that the IOC should not be managed by an active soldier, and deputed de Blonay as interim President. With its new roots implanted, the IOC met in Lausanne in 1919 after the conclusion of the Great War and confirmed Antwerp as host city for the Games of 1920 (a hosting by Berlin in 1916 had inevitably 100 YEARS IN LAUSANNE50 OLYMPIC REVIEW
Right The IOC had a staff of two when it moved to Villa Mon-Repos in 1922‘THE DECISION [TO RELOCATE THE IOC TO LAUSANNE] WAS COUBERTIN’S CHOICE AND IT WAS NOT FINANCIAL’FRANÇOISE ZWEIFEL, FORMER IOC SECRETARY-GENERAL Polignac of France; and Henri de Baillet-Latour (Belgian banker and mastermind of Antwerp 1920).A place on the Executive Board for de Polignac was not significant for any particular administrative contribution, merely the continuing presence of a French aristocrat in a French-orientated organisation. Françoise Zweifel, Secretary-General during Samaranch’s presidency, is conscious of the Francophone element that remained deep-seated in Coubertin’s concept for his life-work. “For him, Lausanne was ideal, being in the French-speaking region of Switzerland where he had longstanding connections,” she says. “The decision was his choice and it was not financial – he enjoyed the ambience of people being received unostentatiously, without fuss or publicity.” Gerhard Heiberg of Norway, Chair of the IOC Marketing Commission for many years, quotes the element of respect that pervades Swiss life, and which makes the conduct of public affairs so attractive to the many International Federations (IFs) that have increasingly migrated to Lausanne over the last century in the wake of the IOC. The Swiss city is home to more sporting bodies than anywhere else in the world – more than 50 have followed the IOC’s lead and set up headquarters in Lausanne and the surrounding Canton of Vaud, no doubt seduced by the shores of Lake Geneva and the stunning backdrop of the Alps, but also the proximity of the IOC.Modesty was the IOC’s hallmark in the early years. In 1922, courtesy of City Hall which had taken possession of the property a year earlier, the organisation set up headquarters at the Villa Mon-Repos, with a staff of two: a Chancellor, jeweller Otto Mayer working from his shop, and Secretary Lydia Zanchi. The original concept had been for the HQ to shift every four years to the site of the next Games, but this proved impractical. The only income besides Coubertin’s funding was a subscription paid by each IOC Member. Truly this was a private club.As well as providing an office for Coubertin and rooms that could be used for IOC meetings, the Villa Mon-Repos was home to another historic part of the IOC’s history – the first Olympic Museum. For many years, Coubertin had planned to exhibit Olympic trophies and memorabilia, and it was agreed that the collection could be stored in a room on the third floor of Mon-Repos. As interest grew in the collection, the IOC voted to develop the Museum at the 1923 Session and, later that decade, it was opened to the public for the first time.In 1925, after 27 years as President, the 62-year-old Coubertin felt it was time to retire. However, expected preference for de Blonay as his successor had been tarnished by Coubertin’s disapproval of the extent to which de Blonay had too energetically fulfilled his function as Chairman of the Executive Board. The founder shifted allegiance to the more tranquil Baillet-Latour, who was elected by a two-thirds majority. With the Olympic Games becoming more successful and prominent, it had become clear that the IOC needed to grow too. With a Belgian President at the helm, there was talk of switching base to Brussels, but the organisation chose to remain at Villa Mon-Repos (and would do so until 1968), appointing Lausanne local André Berdez as permanent Secretary, to be assisted by Zanchi.The passing of Coubertin in 1937 was melancholic. Reduced by bankruptcy to living in lodgings in Geneva; supported by well-wishers’ charity; the family line terminated by the death of his son in infancy from sunstroke and of two nephews in the French trenches. A muted IOC 50th anniversary event had been staged in Lausanne and attended by Coubertin’s widow Marie and the city’s mayor, Jules Addor, along with a programme of academic lectures. A wreath was laid at the founder’s grave, his heart buried at Olympia. In the wake of Berlin’s controversial though widely acclaimed Games of 1936, Germany’s “Imperial Olympic Board” seemingly harboured ambitions of a takeover. NOC officials visited Baillet-Latour – shortly before his death in 1942 – to debate the move, only to discover that the perceptive Zanchi had locked the IOC’s archives in the cellar at Lausanne. Happily 100 YEARS IN LAUSANNEOLYMPIC REVIEW 51OLY070_
Left An IOC meeting in Lausanne in 1919 after the end of the Great WarRight The IOC moved its headquarters to the Château de Vidy in 1968for the IOC, an elderly Edström, Vice-President living in neutral Sweden, was able to maintain war-time correspondence with many Members until normality returned, passing the reins in 1952 to Avery Brundage – vigorous opponent of an attempted US boycott of Berlin. A fanatic devotee of amateurism – and like Coubertin, spending USD 75,000 annually of his own money subsidising the IOC – Brundage increasingly found himself at odds with every branch of the Olympic Movement: with the mounting anti-apartheid protest in South Africa, being friendly with Reginald Honey, white South African IOC Member; with IF leaders seeking a representative body – whom he threatened with expulsion – and Italian Giulio Onesti’s campaign for a similar NOC organisation (the two respectively established in 1967-1968).The Soviet Union was seeking continental representation on the Executive Board. To Brundage’s undisguised anguish, professionalism was infesting every major sport. After a move to oust him at the Mexico City 1968 Games was thwarted, he was opposed only by imperious French banker Comte de Beaumont, founder of the original Committee for International Olympic Aid, and the first to advocate election of women, but equally and worryingly autocratic. Four years later, prior to the Munich 1972 Games, the Members again rejected de Beaumont, preferring convivial Irishman Lord Killanin.AN ELDERLY EDSTRÖM, VICE-PRESIDENT LIVING IN NEUTRAL SWEDEN, WAS ABLE TO MAINTAIN WAR-TIME CORRESPONDENCE WITH MANY MEMBERS UNTIL NORMALITY RETURNED100 YEARS IN LAUSANNE52 OLYMPIC REVIEW

AboveIn 1986, the IOC’s base at Château de Vidy was extended with the development of Olympic HouseA landmark in Brundage’s reign came in 1968 when, after nearly half a century at the Villa Mon-Repos – which ultimately became home to Olympic Solidarity – the IOC moved its headquarters. At its new home – the elegant Château de Vidy on the shores of Lake Geneva – the organisation’s staff would significantly expand under the watchful eye of Monique Berlioux. The advance of Berlioux – holder of numerous swimming titles for France and sixth in the 100m backstroke at the London 1948 Games – had been another major headline during Brundage’s presidency. Becoming IOC Press Secretary, she was promoted by Brundage to Director in 1969 upon the resignation of Secretary-General Johann Westerhoff, a year after the HQ had been moved to Vidy.During this period, Lausanne was not the focus of IOC authority: there was no Session in the city between 1946 and 1975 – nine were outside Europe; Brundage and subsequently Lord Killanin, respectively resident in Chicago and Dublin, were rarely in town, likewise their colleagues. Berlioux became the fulcrum of the day-to-day administration. By the time of her resignation in 1985, she had increased the staff – which had a 25 per cent annual turnover – from four to 50 and she dominated communication between Members. Indeed, when the Host City Contract for 1984 with Los Angeles was announced, it was issued by Berlioux, not Lord Killanin. She negotiated the television contract with ABC. When Lord Killanin met President Carter, hoping to stall the 1980 US boycott of the Moscow Games, he was accompanied not by his senior Vice-President but by Berlioux. When Chief Abraham Ordia of Nigeria attempted to negotiate with Lord Killanin on the largely African boycott of the Montreal 1976 Games, he was blocked by Berlioux.Lord Killanin had felt unempowered to reduce Berlioux’s authority. When Samaranch succeeded him in 1980, however, he recognised the need: one reason for immediately being the first President to reside in Lausanne, which made the city the springboard for the IOC’s two revolutionary decades. Vidy, and the Lausanne Palace Hotel where he kept a modest two-room apartment, emerged as stamping ground for most elite figures in world sport. Berlioux subsequently departed in 1985.Amid the IOC’s often turbulent affairs, social disorder across the world had not spared the foremost sporting body: three successive Games boycotts, from 1976-1984, hounded Lord Killanin and his successor Samaranch. These disruptions intensified Lausanne’s simultaneous, almost isolated yet necessary struggle to accommodate commercialisation. The tide had been accelerated by two factors: the advent of smart equipment manufacturers such as Horst Dassler of Germany in conjunction with new opportunities for athletes in TV advertising campaigns. IOC coffers and in turn successful athletes became overflowing in material as opposed to honorific riches. In 1964, US television rights from NBC for Tokyo were USD 1.4 million. By London 2012 the figure had reached USD 1.18 billion. Many gold-medal winners now found themselves able to afford homes in Monte Carlo! Co-ordinating much of this escalation had been Samaranch, a key to his 21-year reign (from 1980-2001) being the 1986 decision to stage Summer and Winter Games in alternate even-numbered years. Château de Vidy substantially expanded thanks to wealth generated by the IOC in the mid-1980s. Harnessing financial momentum generated by the likes of Dassler and in management of the Los Angeles 1984 Olympic Games by Peter Ueberroth, Samaranch had been labelled “Merlin the Magician” by Canadian aide Richard Pound. The Olympic Games had become an advertising platform for potential hosts, with a dozen bidders in 1986 for the Winter and Summer Games of 1992. Samaranch had raised the publicity and financial stakes for host cities by televising the outcome. To mark the IOC’s centenary in 1994, Lausanne was officially designated as the Olympic Capital by the IOC, but trouble was brewing elsewhere. Increased 54 OLYMPIC REVIEW 100 YEARS IN LAUSANNEOLY070_
TopThe new IOC headquarters will be built to the best possible sustainability standardsAboveLausanne hosts a wide range of sports events of the Athletes’ Commission became IOC Members.With the torch passing to Jacques Rogge as President in 2001, a period of equilibrium calmed Lausanne, while extending the many advances introduced by Samaranch into the Olympic Movement. Rogge sought zero tolerance on drugs. His vision for an expanded sports programme led to the introduction of golf and rugby sevens on the programme for Rio in 2016, to be followed by a more vigorous agenda by his successor, Olympic champion Thomas Bach, in 2013. It can perhaps be said that the Olympic Games, more even than the United Nations, unite peoples of the world in communal friendship irrespective of race, creed or colour. That the institution has survived across 121 years of ethical debate and intermittent argument is remarkable: a reflection of the willpower of mankind to engage in peace as much ambition to host the Games catalysed election irregularities, the nadir coming in December 1998 when news broke of corruption during the 1995 election of Salt Lake City as host city for the 2002 Olympic Winter Games.The IOC clung precariously to its existence while a key trio – Samaranch and Marketing Director Michael Payne in Lausanne and Vice-President Pound from his lawyer’s office in Montreal – campaigned night and day to retain TOP sponsors’ loyalty. Ultimately, a special commission – a circling of the wagons by Samaranch to achieve a second administrative revolution – re-established the IOC’s credibility and equilibrium by the time of the strident Sydney 2000 Games. Greater transparency was introduced in Lausanne and the creation of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) in 1999 established a tighter grip on miscreants on the field of play. For the first time members as in conflict. As Los Angeles Times commentator Randy Harvey saliently observed during the Salt Lake City Games: “We haven’t advanced that far through the Olympic Games in pursuit of a more perfect civilisation, but the important thing is we have the vehicle that enables us to keep trying.” Proof of this lies in one part of Coubertin’s dream: the establishment of the Olympic Museum on Lausanne’s THE STAGE AT VIDY IS NOW TO BE SUBSTANTIALLY ENHANCED BY A USD 160 MILLION EXTENSION, BY DANISH DESIGNERS 3XN – CREATORS OF THE MUSEUM OF LIVERPOOL AND AMSTERDAM MUSIC HALLQuai d’Ouchy. To climb the steps from the lake shore through serene gardens, past statues of legendary heroes such as Paavo Nurmi and Emil Zátopek, is to sense the elegies of Greek mythology which Coubertin sought to recreate. The Museum opened in 1993 and has been further extensively developed in the past two years, now being the fourth best-attended museum in the nation with more than a quarter-of-a-million annual visitors and many awards. It is somehow symbolic not only of the beauty of sport in its primal purity, but of the equanimity of life and nature so apparent in its Swiss surroundings: a nation whose disposition remains constant regardless of the incumbent state President. When Coubertin chose Lausanne, he presented mankind with the ideal stage on which to breed mens sana in corpore sano. The stage at Vidy is now to be substantially enhanced by a USD 160 million extension, by Danish designers 3XN – creators of the Museum of Liverpool and Amsterdam Music Hall. The redeveloped headquarters – as pledged in the Olympic Agenda 2020 reforms – will be built to the best possible sustainability standards, and will accommodate, with contemporary technology, 600 IOC staff under one roof. ■David Miller’s updated “Official History of the Olympic Games and the IOC, 1894-2016” will be published following the Rio 2016 Olympic Games.OLYMPIC REVIEW 55100 YEARS IN LAUSANNEOLY070_
56 OLYMPIC REVIEW IVANA MAKSIMOVICAFTER WINNING A SILVER MEDAL AT HER DEBUT OLYMPIC GAMES IN LONDON IN 2012, SERBIAN SHOOTER IVANA MAKSIMOVIC HOPES TO CLIMB ONE STEP HIGHER ON THE PODIUM IN RIO IN 2016London 2012 was my best competition yet. I arrived ready for the Games and ready to give my best. When I arrived at the shooting range for the 50m rifle 3 positions, it felt like I was turning up for practice. I was so focused and it was almost like I was in a trance. It was perfect; I just concentrated on what I had to do, focused on my technique, and my self-confidence helped me make it to the final. In the final, I was a little more nervous, but I was still being carried along by my emotions and I could see myself on the podium.”ROAD TO RIOI don’t follow a strict diet. I’m able to eat whatever I like, maybe because of my genes, which I’m very thankful for. But during competitions and training I’m careful about what I eat – nothing too heavy. I also try to drink a lot of water and have some chocolate. I can’t survive without chocolate!”
OLYMPIC REVIEW 57When you turn up for your first training session, a coach can tell if you’re suited to shooting or not. You have to have good hand-eye coordination. Coaches will give you 10 or 20 shots, and when you start hitting the same area they can see if you have the necessary ability. But everything is about practice and whether you’re willing to work hard to be the best.”When the competition begins and your heart starts beating and you start to sweat, you can lose yourself. But if you have a vision in your head of what you want to do, you don’t think about those things – you just focus on your vision and it’s easier.” I started shooting when I was 12 years old. Both my parents were shooters, so it was natural for me to try the sport as well. I’m the complete opposite of someone who would ordinarily be suited to shooting, however, as I’m more interested in running and jumping around, rather than being composed and concentrating and focusing so hard on one thing. It was quite hard for me to get used to what shooting entailed; I had to relax, take a deep breath and think about what I was doing, rather than bouncing around all the time.”I used to be very superstitious, having to wear the same socks and keep my diary with me and things like that. But then it started to affect my performances if I forgot something, so I spoke with psychologists and tried to find a way to not think about it. Sometimes I still find myself doing those things – like putting my right boot on before my left – but I’m trying not to think about them because I don’t want anything to go wrong.”When I am preparing for big competitions, I practise both my shooting events [10m air rifle and 50m rifle 3 positions] so I train twice a day. They’re completely different. For one I need two hours each day and for the other I need about four hours. I spend my whole day at the shooting range and by the end of the day I’m very tired.”ROAD TO RIOWhen I wake up on the day of a competition, I have a light breakfast and then I spend an hour or so listening to music and enjoying some quiet time. I also read my shooting diary, where I keep track of my good and bad training sessions so I know what I need to work on. That also helps me visualise what I want to do in the competition. ”When you’re a rifle shooter, there is a lot of equipment. You need a jacket, pants, boots, gloves – a lot of extra things. I have one bag that is about 25kg, which I have to take with me all the time. You need special clothing for the stability it provides. If you can’t move too much, you can be more precise and it’s easier. The boots are also important because they stop your ankle from moving around. It all helps when you’re standing and aiming at the target.”
ROAD TO RIO58 OLYMPIC REVIEW JIN HYEK OHREPUBLIC OF KOREA ARCHER JIN HYEK OH HAD NEVER WON AN INTERNATIONAL TOURNAMENT UNTIL CLAIMING OLYMPIC GOLD IN LONDON IN 2012. NOW, THE 33-YEAR-OLD HAS FIRMLY ESTABLISHED HIMSELF AS THE MAN TO BEAT IN RIOSince winning Olympic gold in 2012, my life has been very busy – not only with archery but also many other things. People recognise me in the street now, which is interesting! I feel a big responsibility to archery – to make it as entertaining as possible for the public and to inspire the next generation.” Away from competitions, I like to spend as much time as possible with my family, as I can’t do that during the season. I like to go for a drive or sometimes meet friends or family for a beer. I don’t have any preferred holiday destination; I just go to the beach or the mountains depending on the season.” One of the most important factors for competition is mental preparation. There is a lot of pressure on you – whether it’s to achieve victory or something you feel from the spectators in the crowd – so in order to stand up to that kind of pressure during a competition, your confidence needs to overcome it. If you can perform at your best under pressure, then you can achieve good results.”
ROAD TO RIOOLYMPIC REVIEW 59My first target for Rio 2016 is just to qualify for the national team. Surviving the selection tournament is very tough because Korean archery is so strong. If I qualify for the team, then I want to make sure I perform to the best of my ability at the Games. Of course, another gold medal would be nice!”Winning is always a great feeling. Whenever I achieve my targets or my dreams – like being on the top of the podium at major competitions – I feel motivated.” The waiting time before a competition is always exciting for me. Sometimes I get nervous, so before I take to the field I try to picture the competition and my opponent in my mind. During the competition itself, I try not to anticipate the result before the contest is over; I just try to focus on my shooting until the end. You don’t want to count your chickens before they have hatched!”It’s difficult to say if there is any specific type of fitness required for archery, but I believe physical strength is very important. Then you always need to work on improving your shooting skills and mental preparation. If you have strong motivation to keep shooting, that can be more important than anything else.”
ROAD TO RIO60 OLYMPIC REVIEW MAYA MOOREAFTER WINNING OLYMPIC GOLD IN LONDON IN 2012 – AS WELL AS A WORLD TITLE AND WNBA MOST VALUABLE PLAYER AWARD IN 2014 – USA BASKETBALL STAR MAYA MOORE IS EYEING FURTHER SUCCESS AT THE RIO 2016 OLYMPIC GAMESI’m always trying to improve as a player. With my on-the-court training, I’m always trying to be a better defender or working on being more efficient with the basketball in my hands. I try to focus on those things and be creative with different drills with the ball.”Rio 2016 still seems pretty far away, but it’s always in the back of our minds and we really want to continue the incredible legacy of USA basketball. When we’re not together as a national team, we’re still preparing ourselves for when we represent our country.”Winning an Olympic gold medal definitely adds a level of respect from people for what you do. Knowing that you are an Olympic champion comes with an understanding of the work, dedication and sacrifice that you’ve put in and the character that you have to compete and win at the highest level. It makes me incredibly humble to have that rare opportunity to not only be a professional athlete, but to be an Olympic gold medallist too.”
ROAD TO RIOOLYMPIC REVIEW 61The key to being a good basketball player – outside of your physical height or natural talent – rests in your mental toughness and how well you can master the fundamentals of the game. Being able to move on from mistakes and being able to adjust to different styles during the game are important too.”We have very high expectations of ourselves and want to be the best of the best. Winning the 2014 World Championships was very important to build momentum and confidence, and continue to set the standards for what we expect when we step on the court. We never care about who gets the credit or who gets the baskets; I just always try to do whatever my team needs to help us be successful.”I always try to give my best effort, mentally and physically, in practice in the days leading up to a game. On game day, I make sure that I’ve gone through our game plan – our schemes and our strategies – so that when the game comes there are no questions, I can be instinctive about the strategies that we’ve talked about and don’t have to overthink when I’m on the court.”I was about seven years old when I started playing organised basketball. I loved sports in general, but basketball was my favourite because it fitted well with my personality; you’re constantly moving, so I really enjoyed the game.”Going into my junior year at high school, I started to get very excited about the opportunity to become a professional, knowing I had the chance to go to college and be coached at the highest level, and eventually make it to the Olympic Games. But I never feel like I’ve ‘arrived’ – I’m always trying to get better and be challenged. Basketball is perfect for that, as there’s always a new challenge.”I love music. I don’t get a chance to play the drums that often, but that is one instrument that I know how to play. I’m always singing everywhere I go, whether it’s in the locker room or walking through the grocery store. Over the last couple of seasons, I’ve also tried to learn how to cook, and become more efficient with my nutrition, making sure that I’m putting better, more nutritious food in my body. I’ve tried to increase my green intake, eating more plant-based proteins as opposed to animal-based proteins, and I’ve cut out refined sugar and dairy products. It makes me feel better and lighter. I think I recover faster and I’m quicker on my feet.”The most challenging thing is the toll basketball can take on our bodies – all the time and effort it takes to prepare our bodies to compete at the highest level, and the healing and recovering we need to do.”
CLASSIC OLYMPIC IMAGES MEXICO CITYATHLETICS1968No wonder Bob Beamon looks astonished as he soars through the air in the final of the men’s long jump in 1968. On his first attempt, aided by Mexico City’s high altitude, the American recorded a new world record of 8.90m, beating the previous best mark by 55cm and an astonishing 71cm ahead of silver medallist Klaus Beer from East Germany. In fact, Beamon’s jump was so long that the optical measuring device could not reach his mark, with officials forced to use a tape measure instead. The record stood for 23 years until it was eventually beaten by the USA’s Mike Powell with a leap of 8.95m in 1991. Photo: Getty Images/PopperfotoOLY070_

OLYMPIC SOLIDARITYA HELPING HANDOLYMPIC REVIEW CATCHES UP WITH TWO ATHLETES WHO HAVE RECEIVED FUNDING AS PART OF THE CURRENT OLYMPIC SOLIDARITY PROGRAMME64 OLYMPIC REVIEW
When did you first throw a javelin?I first threw a javelin at the age of 14. It was also the first time that I ever saw a javelin. Did you enjoy other athletics events and sports growing up?I love sports and I took part in several while growing up, including rugby, outrigger canoeing and archery. In athletics I also enjoyed and participated in the shot put and I would often run the 400m during our sports day at high school.What did it mean to you to represent Fiji at the London 2012 Olympic Games?It was a dream come true. To represent my country at the highest level was humbling and I will cherish it for the rest of my life.How special would it be to compete at the Olympic Games for a second time?It has always been an honour to represent my country and will always remain that way. To go to the Olympic Games for a second time would be a great achievement for me and also for athletics in my country.You have won the Oceania Championships four times. Is this your proudest achievement?The Oceania Championships are limited to the Pacific countries only. My proudest achievement is competing INTERVIEWPictured Leslie Copeland is benefitting from the support of Olympic Solidarity LESLIE COPELANDAFTER NARROWLY MISSING THE OLYMPIC FINAL AT LONDON 2012, FIJIAN JAVELIN THROWER LESLIE COPELAND HAS HIS SIGHTS SET ON GOING ONE STEP FURTHER IN RIO IN 2016in the London 2012 Olympic Games and finishing 13th overall.Do you think you can go one step further at Rio 2016 and reach the final?My goal is to go one step better and make my country proud. In what ways does the Olympic Solidarity grant help you?Financial support is hard to come by in Fiji, especially with athletics being considered a minority sport. The Olympic Solidarity support takes the load off my shoulders and gives me access to training venues, coaching and competitions abroad.How important is this funding?It is very important. To participate at a high level requires a lot of funding. Without funding it would be verydifficult to train at the required level for an Olympic athlete. What are your main targets for 2015?My main target is to qualify for the upcoming Olympic Games. Who is your athletics hero and why?Jan Železný [Czech three-time Olympic javelin champion]. He was technically the best when it came to throwing the javelin and was also regarded as a very hard-working athlete. His results speak volumes.OLYMPIC REVIEW 65OLYMPIC SOLIDARITYOLY070_
INTERVIEWHow did you feel when you became the first Irish woman to win an Olympic badminton match at Beijing in 2008?It was a proud moment as I didn’t ever believe I could qualify for Beijing. When I qualified for Beijing at a young age it was such a great boost for my career. Then to win my first-round match there was a very special moment. It gave me the motivation to push on and believe in myself more. What would it mean to you to compete at the Olympic Games for a third time?I’ve had some of the best experiences of my life at the last two Olympic Games and to qualify again would be amazing. It would really make it all the more special if this time I was going to compete in both the mixed doubles and singles. CHLOE MAGEEAFTER MAKING HER OLYMPIC DEBUT IN 2008, IRELAND’S CHLOE MAGEE IS HOPING TO REPRESENT HER COUNTRY IN A THIRD CONSECUTIVE GAMES AT RIO IN 2016How will the Olympic Solidarity grant help you with qualification?I know how much an Olympic qualifying year takes out of you, but this time I will try to qualify in the mixed doubles with my brother Sam [as well as the singles]. Mixed doubles qualification has even bigger demands than singles qualification, as only the top 16 pairs in the world will go to Rio. Travelling to events without a coach has been a big problem for us and we are hoping this grant will be able to help a little towards that. How important is it for you to receive funding?Without this funding, I think it would be impossible for us to think about qualifying for Rio. To compete with the best in the world you need a lot of quality training and that doesn’t come without a price. Badminton has so many different parts to it – technical, tactical, physical and mental. I don’t think any part of it can be left out at the top level.Did you always want to be a badminton player?I loved badminton from a young age but struggled a lot with my confidence at the start when badminton became my career and not just a hobby anymore. Everyone has doubts, but having good people around me made me push through to be able to say I’m now a two-time Olympian. What are your hopes for 2015?There’s a lot coming up in 2015 before I can even begin to think about Rio. Of course, all the time Olympic qualifying will be in the back of my mind, but it’s going to be an exciting year. We will be training very hard for the European Games in Baku.What are the main differences between singles and doubles?Singles and doubles are very different games. In the mixed doubles it’s fast and very tactical. The man has to be a lot more physical from the back of the court and the woman has to be confident and create a lot from the front. In singles, you’re out there all by yourself; being physically and mentally strong is so important. The tactical side to both events is so important with a lot of time spent watching games over and over again.Do you enjoy playing on the same team as your brother?I’ve always really enjoyed playing with Sam. I think we bring out the best in each other. It’s been tough for Sam, as for a long time I concentrated more on the singles event, but now it’s definitely changed and over the last year you can see that with the big improvement in our ranking.Pictured Chloe Magee aims to compete in the badminton singles and mixed doubles at Rio 2016‘WITHOUT THIS FUNDING, I THINK IT WOULD BE IMPOSSIBLE TO THINK ABOUT QUALIFYING FOR RIO. TO COMPETE WITH THE BEST YOU NEED A LOT OF QUALITY TRAINING AND THAT DOESN’T COME WITHOUT A PRICE’OLYMPIC SOLIDARITY66 OLYMPIC REVIEW

CLASSIC OLYMPIC IMAGES ATLANTAJUDO1996Sun Hui Kye of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea throws her Japanese opponent Ryoko Tamura to the mat on her way to becoming the youngest judo champion in Olympic history at the age of just 16. Her victory in the final of the -48kg category ended Tamura’s 84-bout winning streak. Kye went on to win bronze in Sydney four years later and silver in Athens in 2004, while Tamura finished her career with five Olympic medals, including two golds, won at consecutive Games from 1992 to 2008.Photo: Getty Images/AllsportOLY070_

FLASHBACK:GRENOBLE 1968THE OLYMPIC WINTER GAMES HEADED TO FRANCE FOR A SECOND TIME IN 1968, WITH GRENOBLE HOSTING A MEMORABLE EVENT WHOSE LEGACIES ARE STILL FELT TODAYOLYMPIC FLASHBACKOLY070_
PicturedThe Alps provide a spectacular backdrop to the Opening Ceremony at the Olympic Stadium in Grenoble in 1968 The 1968 Olympic Winter Games in Grenoble were the first time that a mascot – albeit an unofficial one – appeared at any Games. Schuss was a small, skiing cartoon character with a single foot and oversized head, designed by Aline Lafargue and named after the German word for a straight downhill ski run.For the first time in the history of the Games, individual medals were designed for each discipline. Every medal had the official emblem on the face, with the name of the discipline and an accompanying pictogram on the reverse side. The winners’ medals were covered with six grams of pure gold.MEDALSMASCOTTHE GAMES IN NUMBERS6–181,15837NOCs35EVENTSFEBRUARY947 MEN211 WOMENATHLETES:OLYMPIC REVIEW 71OLYMPIC FLASHBACKOLY070_
MEMORABLE MOMENTSLIGHTING THE CAULDRONAs the first Olympic Winter Games to be broadcast in colour, Grenoble’s Opening Ceremony was a historic one. A global television audience, along with 60,000 spectators, watched former figure skater Alain Calmat carry the Olympic torch into the Olympic Stadium, before ascending a long flight of stairs to light the cauldron.MEMORABLE MOMENTSMONTI FINALLY CLAIMS GOLDAfter two silver medals in Cortina d’Ampezzo in 1956, and two bronze medals in Innsbruck in 1964, Italian bobsleigh athlete Eugenio Monti (above) finally made it to the top of an Olympic podium as he led the two-man and four-man teams to gold. Monti was considered the world’s best bobsleigh athlete, having won multiple world titles, but Olympic success eluded him until, at the age of 40, he struck gold twice in Grenoble. MEMORABLE MOMENTSKILLY’S HISTORIC TREBLEFrance’s Jean-Claude Killy (below) provided the host nation with a home-grown hero for the Games. The charming and hugely talented 24-year-old swept the men’s Alpine skiing events, claiming gold in the downhill, slalom and giant slalom to match the incredible 1956 achievement of Austria’s Toni Sailer. “The party went on for two-and-a-half days,” Killy later said, “and the whole time I never saw the sun once.”The bobsleigh events were held in L’Alpe d’Huez, which is home to one of the most memorable mountain stages of the famous Tour de France cycling race and the scene of many heroic climbs.DID YOU KNOW?72 OLYMPIC REVIEW
100-METRE JUMPERSFor the first time at an Olympic Winter Games, the 100-metre mark was cleared in the ski jump. In his first attempt in the men’s large hill event, Czechoslovakia’s Jirí Raška demonstrated why he was the favourite with a jump of 101 metres. He was forced to settle for second place, however, as the Soviet Union’s Vladimir Belousov (above with Raška) went half a metre further on his way to collecting gold. Japan’s Takashi Fujisawa and Jan Olaf Roaldset of Norway also exceeded 100 metres with their first jumps.OLYMPIC LEGACY“All we have done will be of lasting benefit for the whole town, for this region, and for winter sports in this part of our Alps,” declared French Prime Minister Georges Pompidou before the Games. Nearly 50 years on, it is certainly true that the 1968 Olympic Winter Games played a key role in making Grenoble the “French capital of the Alps”. A new post office, railway station and city hall were built for the Games, in addition to new roads and a new bridge. The Olympic Village has been integrated into the city and converted into apartments for the local population.MEMORABLE MOMENTSMEMORABLE MOMENTSGUSTAFSSON’S GOLDEN GAMESSweden’s Toini Gustafsson (left) was the most successful women’s athlete at the Games, winning two gold medals and one silver. Born in Finland, Gustafsson was forced to flee her home during the Second World War. She grew up in Sweden and became a dominant force in cross country skiing, winning silver in the 3x5km relay on her Olympic Winter Games debut in Innsbruck in 1964. Four years later, Gustafsson claimed victory in both the 5km and 10km events. She completed her impressive haul with a silver medal in the 3x5km relay.Morocco participated in an Olympic Winter Games for the first time in Grenoble.DID YOU KNOW?WHAT THEY SAID“I discovered just how huge the Games are. The postman was arriving every four or fi ve hours with thousands of telegrams.” Jean-Claude Killy, triple Alpine skiing gold medallist in 1968OLYMPIC REVIEW 73OLYMPIC FLASHBACKOLY070_
INTERVIEW: JOHN MURRAYMY GAMES PENNY HEYNSSOUTH AFRICAN SWIMMER PENNY HEYNS BECAME THE FIRST WOMAN TO WIN BOTH THE OLYMPIC 100M AND 200M BREASTSTROKE TITLES AT ATLANTA IN 1996, HER COUNTRY’S FIRST GOLD MEDALS SINCE 1952Before going to Barcelona in 1992, the South African team hadn’t really been exposed to any international competition. As a nation, we didn’t know what we were getting into. I was 17, the youngest athlete on our team, and the only person still at school. I came away from Barcelona with 33rd and 34th place finishes [in the 100m and 200m breaststroke] and quite despondent about my swimming career. However, I was offered a scholarship to compete and study at the University of Nebraska (USA). Before Barcelona I had trained five days a week, for an hour and a half each day, and was fairly raw in terms of developing my talent. In the United States, I trained with people who were a lot better, did proper weights sessions and drills, and worked on the mental side of things too.Going into Atlanta in 1996 I had the fastest time in the 100m breaststroke. By then, swimming the 100m was just a matter of letting my body do what my mind had done through visualisation over 100 times. My focus was on swimming my personal best time. I knew if I did that I would win a medal and there would be a strong chance of winning gold.In the morning heats, I broke the world record. I wasn’t nervous as I knew my rivals weren’t swimming to their potential, but in the final I just tried a little bit too hard. I went out too hard and it caught up with me at the end of the 100m, but I held on to win.I was unaware that no one had ever won the 100m-200m breaststroke double before. Prior to Atlanta, I hadn’t even focused on the 200m, but I realised I was in the best shape of my life and decided the best approach was to go all out and hope no one caught me – and that’s what happened.I had won South Africa’s first Olympic gold medals for 44 years and didn’t know what I was in for. It was so overwhelm-ing when we came home and there was a whirlwind of attention. We were so united as a nation – it was very special. The expectation on me going into Sydney was very high. My 1999 season had been out of this world [between June and September, Heyns set 11 world records]. However, my preparations weren’t ideal. It was always one step forward and two steps back, and I didn’t have the confidence of Atlanta. I knew winning the 100m final would be a long shot, and my only chance was to go back to my original strategy of going all out and hoping no one caught me. I swam the fastest 50m in a 100m race in history, but in the last 10m I was caught. It was a bitter pill to swallow that the winner was a second off my world record from the previous year but, given the circumstances, I felt that winning bronze was a good achievement. ■Sydney 2000Bronze: 100m breaststrokeAtlanta 1996Gold: 100m breaststroke, 200m breaststrokeBorn: 8 November 1974 in Gauteng, South Africax2Twice named World Swimmer of the YearInducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame in 2007Broke 14 individual world records in her career74 OLYMPIC REVIEW MY GAMESOLY070_

76 OLYMPIC REVIEWCARD HOLDERVISA CARD NOEXPIRY DATE SIGNATURE Olympic Review has a cover price of 10 Swiss Francs per issue (not including postage). To subscribe to the magazine, please tick your preferred language version below (French/English/Spanish) and choose one of the three payment methods. ■ FRENCH ■ ENGLISH ■ SPANISH Please send the subscription form below to: Olympic Review Subscriptions, Château de Vidy, c. p. 356, 1007 Lausanne, Switzerland; Fax + 41 21 621 6356To subscribe to Olympic Review for one year please tick one of the boxes below to indicate your mailing address. The cost of an annual subscription (four issues) is:■ 50 CHF - Mailing address in EUROPE ■ 70 CHF - Mailing address in REST OF WORLD The subscription fee will be sent by (please tick one box):■ Bank transfer to the IOC account 243-312883.03Q, UBS SA, 1002 Lausanne (BIC: UBSWCHZH80A - IBAN CH41 0024 3243 3128 8303 Q)■ International postal order in Swiss Francs addressed to the Olympic Museum Lausanne, Publications service, P.O. Box 1121, 1001 Lausanne, Switzerland■ Visa credit card only (please indicate below the card holder, card number and expiry date and post to the address above) FIRST NAMELAST NAMEORGANISATIONADDRESS POST/ZIP CODECOUNTRYE-MAILWith the host city for the 2022 Olympic Winter Games to be announced at July’s 128th IOC Session in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Olympic Review looks at the changes to the bidding process established in the Olympic Agenda 2020 recommendations and the impact they will have on candidate cities.

ROBERT FARLEYRobert (Bob) Farley, a member of the Olympic Philately, Memorabilia and Numismatics Commission, has passed away aged 59. He had remarkable experience and knowledge of Olympic collections, in particular in the area of philately, and first started collecting Olympic stamps in 1971. First a member and later Chairman (since 1997) of the UKbased Society of Olympic Collectors, he had also been the editor of the Society’s journal since 1994. Farley published numerous works on subjects including postcards and operations in the postal sector at the Olympic Games, most editions of which he attended from 1988 onwards.DAME MARY ALISON GLEN-HAIGDame Mary Alison GlenHaig has died at the age of 96. An IOC Member from 1982 to 1994, she was one of the first female IOC Members and served on the IOC Medical Commission before becoming an Honorary Member in 1994. She held several positions within the British NOC and the International Fencing Federation (FIE), of which she was made a Member of Honour in 1999, and also enjoyed a remarkable fencing career, participating in four editions of the Olympic Games.MARIO VÁZQUEZ RAÑALongtime IOC Member and former President of the Association of National Olympic Committees (ANOC), Mario Vázquez Raña has passed away aged 82. An IOC Member from 1991 to 2012, he played a central role in promoting sport and the Olympic Movement in his home country of Mexico, the Americas and around the world. His two decades of service to the IOC included appointments as Executive Board member, Chairman of Olympic Solidarity (20022012), and President of the Organising Committee for the 114th IOC Session (2002).HARRY GORDONOlympic historian, journalist and writer Harry Gordon has died at the age of 89. While he was a war correspondent in Korea, Gordon was sent to Helsinki in 1952 to cover his first Olympic Games. This was the beginning of a long love story with the Olympic Movement. The doyen of Australian Olympic journalists, recognised throughout the world, he wrote a total of 15 books, the last of which, From Athens With Pride, was published last year. After his publishing career ended, Gordon returned to his Olympic passion and covered the Games from 1988 to 2012. In 1992, he became the Australian NOC’s official historian. Decorated with the NOC’s Order of Merit in 1999, he also received the Olympic Order in 2001.JENO BUZÁNSZKYHungarian footballer Jeno Buzánszky has died at the age of 89. Buzánszky was a member of the celebrated Hungarian national team that won Olympic gold at the 1952 Olympic Games in Helsinki. Alongside the likes of Ferenc Puskás and Sándor Kocsis, Buzánszky was a key member of the “Mighty Magyars” team that lost only one match between 1950 and 1956.RICHARD MEADEGreat Britain’s most successful equestrian Olympian, Richard Meade, has died at the age of 76. Meade was the first British rider to win an individual Olympic title, having claimed gold in Munich in 1972, and also won team gold at the 1968 and 1972 Games.HITOSHI SAITOThe first twotime Olympic judo champion, Japan’s Hitoshi Saito has died at the age of 54. He won Olympic gold at the Los Angeles Games in 1984 and in Seoul in 1988 (over 95kg category), as well as the world title in 1983 in Moscow. After his competition career, Saito led the Japanese national team at the Athens 2004 and Beijing 2008 Games.ZHENLIANG HEIOC HONORARY MEMBER WHO WAS INSTRUMENTALIN BEIJING’S BID TO HOST THE 2008 OLYMPIC GAMESFIDEL MENDOZA CARRASQUILLAIOC HONORARY MEMBER AND INFLUENTIAL FIGURE IN SOUTH AMERICAN SPORT Zhenliang He, IOC Honorary Member in the People’s Republic of China, has died aged 85. A career politician, He was instrumental in bringing China back into the Olympic Movement. Elected as an IOC Member in 1981, He served in the role until 2010, when he became an IOC Honorary Member. He sat on the IOC Executive Board three times (19851989, 19941998 and 19992003) and served as an IOC VicePresident from 1989 to 1993. He is credited with helping Beijing win the right to host the 2008 Olympic Games. During his three decades working for the Olympic Movement, He was Chairman of the Cultural Commission (19951999), Chairman (20002009) and then Honorary Member (20092015) of the Commission for Culture and Olympic Education, and ViceChairman of the Sport for All Commission (19851987).Fidel Mendoza Carrasquilla has passed away at the age of 89. An IOC Member from 1988 to 2006, and Honorary Member since 2006, he sat on the IOC Medical Commission (19902006) and the International Olympic Academy Commission (19891990). He also occupied numerous positions within the South American sports world, including that of President of the Colombian National Olympic Committee (19791989). He was one of the pioneers of baseball in South America, founding the Bogota Baseball League in 1969 and serving as its President until 1979. In parallel with his many commitments in sports administration, he obtained a doctorate in medicine and surgery at the National University of Bogota (1953), before specialising in internal medicine and joining the Colombian Institute of Social Security. He was also an Air Force physician for 26 years.OBITUARIESOLYMPIC REVIEW 79OLY070_
Selection proposed by the IOC Olympic Studies Centre – your source of reference for Olympic knowledge. For further information, resources and book loans, visit www.olympic.org/studies or contact us at studies.centre@olympic.orgThe result of many years of painstaking research by Roberto L. Quercetani, a celebrated journalist and historian, this newly edited reference book is an essential guide to the history of modern athletics. Following a brief introduction to the development of track and field since ancient times, Quercetani offers a chronological account of the history of modern athletics, with each chapter covering a period of 20 years. The author takes 1860 as his starting point, a time when track and field as we know it today began to take root in clubs and schools across Great Britain, Ireland and the USA. The growth of athletics into a truly international phenomenon was boosted by the revival of the Olympic Games in 1896 and the foundation of the International Amateur Athletics Federation (IAAF) in 1913. Adorning his narrative with plenty of anecdotes, Quercetani also turns his attention to the legendary performances and athletes who have made track and field what it is, from its foremost pioneers through to superstars of today. He also offers some frank views on the key themes that have shaped the growth of track and field, among them amateurism, politics, money, doping, gender equality and globalisation. He devotes the final three chapters to women’s athletics and concludes by detailing the world records in each event and their respective timelines.ATHLETICS: A HISTORY OF MODERN TRACK AND FIELD ATHLETICS (1860-2013): MEN AND WOMENROBERTO L. QUERCETANI. PUBLISHED BY VALLARDI, 2014. ISBN: 9788895684642, 464 PAGES, IN ENGLISH.Right The phenomenal feats of Jamaica’s Usain Bolt are documented in Athletics: A History of Modern Track and Field Athletics (1860-2013) The rapid increase in the number of women taking part in the Olympic Games and international competitions over the course of the last 50 years has led to more and more research into women’s sports medicine. This work has revealed the specific needs of female athletes with regard to training, injury prevention, rehabilitation, nutrition and eating habits and disorders. Published by the IOC’s Medical Commission, it covers every medical, scientific and psychological facet of the female athlete. Penned by world-renowned experts, it provides an extensive analysis of the issues faced by women athletes, both inside the stadium and out.Athletes from Australia have featured at every Summer Olympic Games held to date, while the country has successfully hosted the Games on two occasions: in Melbourne in 1956 and Sydney in 2000. It is that rich history, stretching back over 118 years, and the special bond that exists between Australia and the Olympic Movement that form the basis of this book by the late Harry Gordon who, as a journalist, covered every edition of the Games from 1952 to 2012. The official historian of the Australian Olympic Committee, Gordon died in January 2015 at the age of 89. In relating the deeds of the country’s many Olympic heroes, among them Dawn Fraser, Betty Cuthbert, Herb Elliott, Shane Gould, Cathy Freeman and Ian Thorpe, Gordon presents a chronological tale of Australia’s long-running participation in the Summer Games, while also devoting two chapters to the more recent exploits of the nation’s athletes in the Olympic Winter Games. This work, aimed at students and undergraduates, offers a deeper insight into the figure of Pierre de Coubertin, a visionary whose ideas still influence modern-day debates on sport. The book takes its title from an expression used by Coubertin in one of his last essays (The Unfinished Symphony, 1936), in which he reflected on Olympism and educational reform: “Olympism has sailed serenely over the world like a gleaming airship. The reform of education has borrowed the HANDBOOK OF SPORTS MEDICINE AND SCIENCE: THE FEMALE ATHLETE Edited by Margo Mountjoy. Published by Wiley-Blackwell, 2014. ISBN: 9781118862193, 144 pages, in English.FROM ATHENS WITH PRIDE: THE OFFICIAL HISTORY OF THE AUSTRALIAN OLYMPIC MOVEMENT 1894 TO 2014Harry Gordon. Published by University of Queensland Press, 2014. ISBN: 9780702253348, 336 pages, in English.GLEAMING AIRSHIP: PIERRE DE COUBERTIN ON SPORT AND OLYMPISMKatarzyna Deberny, Katarzyna Płoszaj, Wiesław Firek. Published by Polski Komitet Olimpijski, 2014. ISBN: 9788375852400, 132 pages, in English.method of moles.” The authors have taken the very same approach to the subject of Olympism, depicting it as a sparkling and joyful way of life. The book opens with an illustrated biography of Coubertin, then provides a commentary on his thoughts on Olympism-related issues. In exploring the relationship between sport and art, it also tells the story of the Olympic Art Competition, a section that concludes with a series of drawings by schoolchildren, who give their interpretations of Coubertin’s poem Ode to Sport. The piece, which he wrote under a pseudonym, won him the Literature Prize at the Stockholm 1912 Olympic Art Competition.80 OLYMPIC REVIEW

THE PODIUMOLYMPIC REVIEW DELVES INTO THE ARCHIVES ONCE AGAIN TO HIGHLIGHT THE RECORD-BREAKING ACHIEVEMENTS OF ATHLETES AT THE GAMES. HERE, WE LOOK AT THE ATHLETES WHO HAVE WON THE MOST GOLD MEDALS IN TEAM EVENTS(HUN, FENCING)(HUN, FENCING)(EUA/FRG), EQUESTRIANTeam golds: 5 (1936-1960)Pál Kovács (far left) joined Gerevich on Hungary’s gold medal-winning sabre teams at successive Games from 1936 to 1960, while also winning individual medals in 1948 (bronze) and 1952 (gold).Team golds: 6 (1932-1960)The Hungarian fencer (far right) won an incredible six successive gold medals in the men’s sabre team event from 1932 to 1960, making him the only athlete to have won the same Olympic event six times.Team golds: 5 (1964-1988)German equestrian Reiner Klimke won dressage team gold in 1964, 1968, 1976, 1984 and 1988, as well as individual gold in 1984 and individual bronze in 1968 and 1976. PÁL KOVÁCS ALADÁR GEREVICHREINER KLIMKETHE PODIUM82 OLYMPIC REVIEW